Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Machiavelli vs. Mohandas Gandhi-Martin Luther King Jr. on Power Essay - 1
Machiavelli vs. Mohandas Gandhi-Martin Luther King Jr. on Power - Essay Example The term ‘power’ has been explicatively the most contriving subject, a deep political discourse and a philosophical thought since generations and among great thinkers of the bygone era and even of today. What exhibits a power within a paradigm of political intrigues and among ruling elite is a question answered by philosophers with their philosophical juxtaposition to the contemporary political situation of the era. For some philosophers, the rule by force or law justifies power politics but through abiding by the moral principles. Following the ethical principles makes the ruler rightful heir to the powers he can exert. However the term ‘power’ has much more deep intensity and depth explored and applied into the consciousness of the people with great dexterity into the current political scenario. Machiavelli in his most famous treatise The Prince criticized this moral principle of authority to explain the power. For him there is no moral or ethical ground o n the basis of which legitimate or illegitimate use of power can be discussed, instead a person who is in authority has a right to command. This power position and explanation of power is contrary to the principles of Mahatma Gandhi-Martin Luther King Jr. for whom power is a means not an end in the political circle and when deep apathetic political overtures are being undertaken. The following essay will be a discussion on the Machiavelli’s concept against much lighter in intensity Mahatma Gandhi’s and Martin Luther King’s concept of power.
Monday, October 28, 2019
Is Psychology a Science Essay Example for Free
Is Psychology a Science Essay Psychology is commonly defined as scientific study of human behaviour and cognitive processes. Broadly speaking the discussion focuses on the different branches of psychology, and if they are indeed scientific. However, it is integral in this to debate to understand exactly the major features of a science, in order to judge if psychology is in fact one. There must be a definable subject matter this changed from conscious human thought to human and non-human behaviour, then to cognitive processes within psychologys first eighty years as a separate discipline. Also, a theory construction is important. This represents an attempt to explain observed phenomena, such as Watsons attempt to account for human and non-human behaviour in terms of classical conditioning, and Skinners subsequent attempt to do the same with operant conditioning. Any science must have hypotheses, and indeed test them. This involves making specific predictions about behaviour under certain specified conditions, for example, predicting that by combining the sight of a rat with the sound of an iron bar banging behind his head, a small child will learn to fear the rat, as is the case of Little Albert (1923). Also, empirical methods are used in scientific fields to collect data, relevant to the hypothesis being tested, as is the case in many psychological experiments, such as the use of brain scanning in Dement and Kleitmans 1957 study. Science is meant to be objective and unbiased. It should be free of values and discover the truths about what it is studying. Positivism is the view that science is objective and a study of what is real. For example, schizophrenia, when diagnosed as being caused due to excess dopamine, is being studied in a scientific manner. The explanation does not take into account any cultural customs or individual differences that might lead to schizophrenic behaviour. However, even in scientific research like this the person is doing the diagnosing has his or her own views, and may misinterpret behaviour because of his or her own subjective biases. For example, if someone talks about hearing voices, they may be referring to a spiritual experience, but a medical practitioner might well diagnose schizophrenia. So objective, value-free study is not easy, because the scientist has views and biases, and cultural or other issues are perhaps important factors. Some say that a truly objective study is not possible. In conclusion, its a science.
Saturday, October 26, 2019
The Layers of Mrs. Dubose in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay -- Kill Mocki
The Layers of Mrs. Dubose in To Kill a Mockingbird      Toothpaste: it is made up of so many different ingredients. You can look at a tube of toothpaste, study it, observe the colors of the plastic container and notice the size and shape of it. You can guess all you want what's on the inside, but you will never know until it is squeezed. People: they are made up of so many different things. You can look at them, study their behaviors, and observe their appearances. You can make many assumptions about what they're like on the inside, but you will never know their true character until they are squeezed. When a person is put in a tight position it doesn't make their character, it exposes it. In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird there are several characters that are present throughout the book, but one seems to appear out of nowhere in chapter eleven. Her name is Mrs. Dubose, and she has a very interesting character. It has several layers that almost need to be peeled away like an onion. Integrity is just one of the numerous layers of her character. Integrity is how a person reacts when they are being "squeezed." Mrs. Dubose has a high standard of morals and she is true to them--she walks her talk. She looks out for people other than herself. She is determined. Mrs. Dubose is unquestioningly a woman of integrity.  Mrs. Dubose displays integrity by standing up for her beliefs. She has self-appointed herself as the "manners police", according to the standards she was raised with. The way she was raised children were expected to respect their parents and other elders. Mrs. Dubose makes a point to call the kids on it whenever they are acting out of line according to her values. She yells at Scout t... ...her life, a time that can be very lonely for a person. In a sense, she is being squeezed, like a tube of toothpaste--yet she stays strong. She still keeps all her values, instead of throwing them out the window. Mrs. Dubose doesn't just sit around and watch the world go on, she tries to make a difference. She doesn't throw herself a pity party, burdening others with her problems. Instead, she decides to make the most out of the time she has left in her life. She decides to improve her life so that she can die having lived life to the fullest. Mrs. Dubose, in all her integrity, is the tastiest kind of toothpaste there is.  Works Cited Johnson, Claudia. "The Minor Charaters of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird." Studies in American Fiction (1991):129-139. Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York City, NY: J.B.Lippincott Company, 1990. The Layers of Mrs. Dubose in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay -- Kill Mocki The Layers of Mrs. Dubose in To Kill a Mockingbird      Toothpaste: it is made up of so many different ingredients. You can look at a tube of toothpaste, study it, observe the colors of the plastic container and notice the size and shape of it. You can guess all you want what's on the inside, but you will never know until it is squeezed. People: they are made up of so many different things. You can look at them, study their behaviors, and observe their appearances. You can make many assumptions about what they're like on the inside, but you will never know their true character until they are squeezed. When a person is put in a tight position it doesn't make their character, it exposes it. In Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird there are several characters that are present throughout the book, but one seems to appear out of nowhere in chapter eleven. Her name is Mrs. Dubose, and she has a very interesting character. It has several layers that almost need to be peeled away like an onion. Integrity is just one of the numerous layers of her character. Integrity is how a person reacts when they are being "squeezed." Mrs. Dubose has a high standard of morals and she is true to them--she walks her talk. She looks out for people other than herself. She is determined. Mrs. Dubose is unquestioningly a woman of integrity.  Mrs. Dubose displays integrity by standing up for her beliefs. She has self-appointed herself as the "manners police", according to the standards she was raised with. The way she was raised children were expected to respect their parents and other elders. Mrs. Dubose makes a point to call the kids on it whenever they are acting out of line according to her values. She yells at Scout t... ...her life, a time that can be very lonely for a person. In a sense, she is being squeezed, like a tube of toothpaste--yet she stays strong. She still keeps all her values, instead of throwing them out the window. Mrs. Dubose doesn't just sit around and watch the world go on, she tries to make a difference. She doesn't throw herself a pity party, burdening others with her problems. Instead, she decides to make the most out of the time she has left in her life. She decides to improve her life so that she can die having lived life to the fullest. Mrs. Dubose, in all her integrity, is the tastiest kind of toothpaste there is.  Works Cited Johnson, Claudia. "The Minor Charaters of Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird." Studies in American Fiction (1991):129-139. Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York City, NY: J.B.Lippincott Company, 1990.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Nietzsche: Exposing the Christianity Hoax Essay -- Nietzsche Philosoph
Nietzsche: Exposing the Christianity Hoax      For thousands of years the Bible has represented the foundation for one of the largest religions in existence, Christianity. â€Å"The Book†affects millions of people’s lives. The creation of morals makes the biggest impacts on individuals and society. Morals are hinted at throughout â€Å"The Book†, but are clearly stated in Matthew’s gospel. These morals are written in a series called the Beatitudes. Through morals, laws are created and society is given guidelines, most people see this in a positive manner. Friederich Nietzsche, a philosopher from the late 1800’s, views religion as a cult made for weak minded simpletons who need something to carry them through life. Nietzsche is often viewed as an antichrist; in fact he even wrote â€Å"The Antichrist,†an essay that seems to be his boarding pass and a ticket to hell. But there is some merit in his satanic ideas about religion one need only to view them from faithless e yes. Nietzsche’s ideas dismiss those of Matthew and how religion is a con to suppress the strong and make the weak feel important.      Nietzsche sees religious people as weak people who hate the strong and independent. In essay one he calls all priests â€Å"the great haters of history†¦likewise the most ingenious haters. (p. 33)†They are not able to go out into the world and naturally live without supernatural excuses and reasons for both their failures and successes. They cannot account for their own actions. In order to stop their feelings of weakness they must convince others that they are right and to follow them, giving them acceptance to in group. (p. 34) Through convincing sermons Christianity began to grow.      This con of the weak people can be traced back to two words - good and bad. Before Christianity good and bad represented social status (p. 25) Nietzsche claims that the concept of good was originally a synonym for nobility. At the same time anyone who was poor or simple was referred to as bad. The words had no moral value and were not part of some â€Å"higher†judgment. It was priests that transformed these words so that good refers to the poor and lower class members of society, and the privileged are now seen as evil. This reversal of good and bad is seen in the Beatitudes. It is not the rich and powerful who are favored by God but the weak and poor.      In Nietzsche’s mind nothing ... ...s are created. Unlike the weak and poor priest who must give sermons and use persuasion to gather followers, the â€Å"Super Man†unknowingly attracts followers through behavior and could care less if he is accepted by, let alone leading, a group.      Matthew’s gospel is a morally sound guideline to being the perfect Christian. Be kind to your neighbors. Help the poor. Be meek and poor for you will inherit the earth. Nietzsche would spit on these â€Å"virtues.†He believes that the gospel is the word of the weak and unwanted. The meek will only make a difference if they band together and start a resentiment, which is when the meek revolt and turn against the â€Å"noble†or strong. This is the only way that the poor can gain any power in society. In Nietzsche’s eyes religion was the ultimate con on the human race. A few weak men’s ideas spawned a worldwide movement to suppress the strong and noble. This movement will hinder the innate instinct to gain power and be the strongest util man realizes he controls his fate and religion is a fantasy.                                                                                                                                                      Â
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Spinster – A Commentary
Spinster is a poem which juxtaposes the order and disorder of the seasons and how exactly this affects the persona's desperation to keep control. The title ‘Spinster' implies that the persona has a chosen a life without men, which also implies that she wants full control over her life. Stanza one begins very formally, ‘During a ceremonious April walk/ With her latest suitor'. Lexis such as ‘ceremonious' and ‘suitor' creates a very formal atmosphere, therefore creating more structure, which is also implied by the use of the word ‘suitor', which suggests very little or no feeling towards him. The stanza continues to imply that the woman can hardly stand disorder, ‘intolerably struck/ By the birds irregular babel/ And the leaves litter'. The poet uses alliteration and positive alliteration to suggest that the woman can not handle disorder with words such as ‘irregular' and ‘litter'. Then, in stanza two, Plath stays detached from the poem, and the whole stanza implies disorder. ‘Observed' suggests that the woman in the poem was watching from a distance, and therefore the writing is very detached and as if a step has been taken back in order to see things as a whole. Also, the whole stanza implies disorder with lexis such as ‘unbalanced', ‘uneven', ‘wilderness' and ‘disarray', all of which suggest disarray and no order. Almost all of these words are relating to nature, ‘Through a rank wilderness of fern and flower/She judged petals in disarray' The use of ‘rank wilderness' implies that the female persona believes that nature, shown by the ‘fern and flower' is dirty and scary because she does not know anything abut it, as implied by ‘wilderness'. Moreover, the poet is again detached from the poem with use of ‘judged', which sounds like she is not involved with what is going on. The whole of this stanza is based around nature, which the persona (and therefore poet) clearly dislike as a consequence of the disorder and that it can not be predicted. In contrast, stanza three is full of lexis based upon order, which is suggested by ‘Scrupulously', ‘order', ‘white and black', ‘ice and rock' and ‘discipline'. This language is very perfected, and also separated out into clear and completely different groups, as shown in ‘black and white'. The stanza begins with telling the reader what this stanza is about, namely, winter. ‘How she longed for winter then!' The use of ‘longed for' suggests that the persona is desperate for winter, which is implied in the onomatopoeic quality of ‘longed for', and this also suggests that winter is a very long time away. Moreover, the writer uses words such as ‘austere' to explain winter, which suggests that winter is more simple an there is little to it and it, is therefore not confusing. Also, the writer suggests that the persona has complete control over her, ‘hearts frosty discipline'. This implies that the persona even has complete control over her feelings, but the only way to keep this control is by having none, implied by ‘frosty', which suggests that the persona is cold emotionally, or that she has no feelings. However, in her attempt not to be emotional, negative feelings are created about emotion, which completely defeats her objective. Stanza four is similar to stanza two, as a lexis implying disorder is used such as ‘unruly and ‘vulgar motley'. As soon as the stanza begins, there is a hint of regret with ‘But here' and this implies that what is coming in this stanza, the persona regrets a lot. The line is finished with the word ‘burgeoning', which implies blossoming and growth. This suggests that because growth is uncontrollable, the persona regrets it because is mean that she would have no control. The poem goes on to say, ‘Unruly enough to pitch her five queenly wits/ into vulgar motley'. The use of ‘five queenly wits' implies that the persona believes herself to be above all of the disorder and disarray in spring, and that she is therefore superior. Also, the use of ‘vulgar motley' implies that spring is common and repulsive, but the persona is scared of this because she does not know much about it. Generally, the whole of the two lines implies that spring forces the persona to feel, which is not something she wants to do, implied in stanza three with ‘heart's frosty discipline'. Then, the writer implies that people who like spring are idiots with, ‘Let idiots/ Reel giddy in bedlam spring'. This is very derogatory because it implies that all people who like spring are idiots, and the use of ‘reel' suggests that disorder again. The stanza ends with a juxtapose line to the rest of the stanza, ‘She withdrew neatly'. This gives a queenly imagery which emphasised her control as the persona regains her composure after suggesting that spring makes her loose it. The final stanza is the solution to disorder, in which the persona implies that she can not handle relationships, or feelings, and therefore her only solution is the title, ‘Spinster'. This is suggested through out the stanza, but starts on the second line, ‘barricade of barb and check'. The barricade is to stop the progression of emotion, and the writer sues monosyllabic words in order to force her point across, such as ‘barb and check', both of which also have a very hard sound to them. This forceful comment suggests that the persona wants love, but has built a ‘barricade' around her in order to not let anyone in. The stanza finishes with ‘Or love, either', which implies that the barricade she has created will not ever let love in, but because it is an afterthought, it also makes love sound insignificant. The structure of the poem is very ordered, as it stops regularly at the end of each stanza, the lines are regular lengths and the words are in similar patterns throughout each stanza. It is clear that the attempt to maintain order shown in the words of the poem is also shown by the structure as the persona is desperate for control and regulation. Overall, the poem is very detached and sounds almost factual due to the lack of emotion throughout. Also, the poem has a feminist undertone, in which the persona swears to keep men out of her life by being a spinster. Moreover, the poem is very juxtapoic with the cross between order and disorder throughout. However, the whole poem suggests that deep down the poet wants love; it is just that they are too scared to find it.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Free Essays on Grasslands
The World of Grasslands looks at the three different contiguous prairies. It covers the tall grass, mixed grass, and the short grass prairies. This chapter also looks at the great decline of grasslands in much of their range. One of the main threats to grasslands looked at in this chapter is the exotic plants that have been introduced by cattle imported here from around the globe. Even though these exotic plants have caused a lot of damage, many of these efforts are reversible. At the start of this chapter the author explains his first experience in a prairies area. As he entered the big open prairie he said he had no idea what to expect. While he started walking in the knee-deep grass he looked out and saw that the prairie extended far beyond what he could see, beyond the curve of the earth. The Nebraska Sand Hills where he was walking, was covered with big and little bluestem, drop seed, and prairie sand reed. When the wind blew he said the prairie rolled like a stormy sea. The world of grasslands is the first topic looked at in this chapter. When trying to understand the true American grassland one must first think way beyond a common suburban lawn. In an undisturbed grassland in the Midwest there can be a hundred different types of grasses every foot. When looking at grasslands throughout the entire country there are over 7500 plant species. Like the forests and their species, each of these plants serves a special purpose in maintaining a healthy grassland. One of the ways that grasslands are maintained and survive is through diversity. Diversity in grasslands comes when you have various wildflowers bloom at different times. In a study conducted in Minnesota, during a drought, seven-eights of that particular biomass dies if it does not have species diversity. When you look back a the time when the prairies had buffalo running wild, the prairies was a system that grew, and continued to grow. Today we see pr... Free Essays on Grasslands Free Essays on Grasslands The World of Grasslands looks at the three different contiguous prairies. It covers the tall grass, mixed grass, and the short grass prairies. This chapter also looks at the great decline of grasslands in much of their range. One of the main threats to grasslands looked at in this chapter is the exotic plants that have been introduced by cattle imported here from around the globe. Even though these exotic plants have caused a lot of damage, many of these efforts are reversible. At the start of this chapter the author explains his first experience in a prairies area. As he entered the big open prairie he said he had no idea what to expect. While he started walking in the knee-deep grass he looked out and saw that the prairie extended far beyond what he could see, beyond the curve of the earth. The Nebraska Sand Hills where he was walking, was covered with big and little bluestem, drop seed, and prairie sand reed. When the wind blew he said the prairie rolled like a stormy sea. The world of grasslands is the first topic looked at in this chapter. When trying to understand the true American grassland one must first think way beyond a common suburban lawn. In an undisturbed grassland in the Midwest there can be a hundred different types of grasses every foot. When looking at grasslands throughout the entire country there are over 7500 plant species. Like the forests and their species, each of these plants serves a special purpose in maintaining a healthy grassland. One of the ways that grasslands are maintained and survive is through diversity. Diversity in grasslands comes when you have various wildflowers bloom at different times. In a study conducted in Minnesota, during a drought, seven-eights of that particular biomass dies if it does not have species diversity. When you look back a the time when the prairies had buffalo running wild, the prairies was a system that grew, and continued to grow. Today we see pr...
Monday, October 21, 2019
Modern Trade Essays
Modern Trade Essays Modern Trade Essay Modern Trade Essay Analysis optimization of sales and distribution network, Brand promotion and Merchandising By Sai Krishna M PGDM-IB Roll No. 23 Under the guidance of Mr. Y V Vijay Kumar Area Sales Manager FieldFresh Foods Pvt. Ltd. Bengaluru Prof. Ramki Faculty KJ Somaiya Institute of Management Studies and Research, Mumbai 1 K J Somaiya Institute of Management Studies Research Certificate from Summer Project GuidesWe approve this Summer Project Report titled Analysis optimization of sales and distribution network, Brand promotion and Merchandising as a certified study in management carried out and presented in a manner satisfactory to warrant its acceptance as a prerequisite for the award of Post Graduate Program in International Business for which it has been submitted. It is understood that by this approval we do not necessarily endorse or approve any statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion drawn therein but approve the Summer Project Report only for the purpose it is submitted.Summer Project Report Examination Committee for evaluation of Summer Project Report Name Signature 1. Faculty Examiner 2. PG Summer Project Co-coordinator 2 Acknowledgement On this opportunity I would like to extend my sincere thanks to my college, K. J Somaiya Institute of Management Studies and Research, Mumbai and to Field Fresh Foods Pvt. Ltd. , for offering me a unique platform to earn exposure and garner knowledge in the field of sales and distribution of premium FMCG products.This project was a great learning experience and provided me an up close insight of how the sales distribution, merchandizing and promotional activities are carried out. I am especially thankful to my guide Mr. Vijay Kumar for the kind support and guidance that he extended to me throughout the project. I also want to convey my sincere thanks to my college faculty Prof Ramki, SIMSR who has been guiding me throughout the project. He was there to help me out at all possible situations. Last but not the least I would like to express my profound gratitude and thanks to each and every employee of Field Fresh Foods Pvt.Ltd. who knowingly or unknowingly have contributed in their own ways to the successful completion of this project. Sai Krishna M PGDM(IB)-023 SIMSR, Mumbai 3 ABSTRACT The project was aimed at understanding and then analyzing the sales and distribution channel of Field Fresh Foods and the methods in which the company is currently carrying out promotional activities for their Del Monte range of products. Del Monte, an international conglomerate in food industry has recently entered the Indian market. While the market potential is huge, the competition is also fierce.Typical of the FMCG market almost all the major FMCG players wage a price war. Del Monte products are positioned as premium products. To reach the target segment and convince them of assured high quality which is the Del Monte promise is a challenging job. The sales and distribution network is the backbone of any FMCG company. In my project, I started off with the feasibility study of usage of perforated sheets as a promotional material in private vehicles. Following which I studied the sales and distribution model of Del Monte products in Bangalore city focusing on Modern Trade outlets which included stand alone super market utlets. I gave the feedback about how the present Distribution model is working and also gave suggestions for optimization of sales and distribution network. The issues with retailers and distributors regarding the products were reported to company. I was also looking after point-of-sale promotions of Del Monte products at the supermarkets that I was allotted. 4 Contents Acknowledgement Abstract Chapter 1 Introduction Topic Objectives of Study Research Methodology . 6 6 .. 7 . 3 . 4 Conclusion Chapter 2 About the Company and Industry . 7 About the FMCG Market in India 8 About the Company . About the products . . . 14 19 Chapter 3 -Theoretical Framework Milk Run Model Methods of Distribution . .. 22 . 23 Chapter 4- The Project Feasibility Study Sales and distribution Modern Trade General Trade General Issues with Product/Packaging and Other Issues Recommendations Visibility contract Brand promotion . . . 25 . 26 27 .. 30 . 32 . 33 35 35 36 Chapter 5 Summary 5 TopicThe objective of my project was aimed at understanding the sales and distribution channel of Field Fresh Foods and how the company is carrying out promotional activities for Del Monte range of products the city of Bangalore. Del Monte is a recent player in the processed foods industry in India. While the market potential is huge, the competition is also fierce. Thje competition stems from the fierce price war amongst the players. Del Monte products are of premium category with emphasis on quality. To reach the target segment and convince them of assured high quality is a challenge the company has embarked upon.The sales and distribution network is the backbone of any FMCG company. In this project, I have studied the sales and distribution model of Del Monte products in Bangalore city. After the analysis of the distribution channel, I was asked to give feedback on how the present Distribution model is working and also provide suggestions for optimization of sales and distribution network. The issues with retailers and distributors regarding the products were reported to company. We also did market research for one of the promotional material, perforated sheet. We found out the reasons why it was not successful in Bangalore.While we promoted Del Monte products at all possible outlets, from small bakeries to big hypermarkets, my area of focus was on standalone Family malls which come under the purview of Modern Trade. Objectives of Study y y y y Understanding the sales and distribution network of Del Monte Give suggestions for optimization of sales and distribution network Carrying out promotional activities Merchandizing 6 Research Methodology: Primary research: All the data pertaining to the sales and distribution channels were collected as a part of daily field vi sits which were extensive and laborious.My daily field visits included visiting the distributor s office and accompany the distributor s salesman in studying the market. Secondary research: Other data about the company like Sales figures, Advertisements and such have been collected through internet. Also the facts and figures about the FMCG Company have been collected through secondary research. Conclusion In my project, I was entrusted to study the sales and distribution channels of Del Monte products in Bangalore city especially focusing on the Modern Trade channel.I gave the company feedback on how the present Distribution model is working and also gave suggestions for optimization of sales and distribution network. The issues with retailers and distributors regarding the products were reported to company. We also did market research for one of the promotional material, perforated sheet. We found out the reasons why it was not successful in Bangalore. Having learnt of the good re sponse from the retailers whose customers praised the high quality of the products and it s good taste, company is expecting to capture a huge market share.Presently the chunk of company s profit is coming from Modern trade divisions which include big departmental stores and stand alone supermarkets. However the company is also banking upon the general trade channels to provide for a substantial share in the overall sales pie. 7 About the FMCG Market in India The Indian FMCG sector is the fourth largest sector in the economy and creates employment for three million people in downstream activities. Within the FMCG sector, the Indian food processing industry represented 6. 3per cent of GDP and accounted for 13 percent of the countrys exports in 2003-04.A distinct feature of the FMCG industry is the presence of most global players through their subsidiaries (HUL, PG, Nestle), which ensures new product launches in the Indian market from the parents portfolio. Demand for FMCG products is set to boom by almost 60 percent by 2007 and more than 100 per cent by 2015. This will be driven by the rise in share of middle class from 67 per cent in2003 to 88 per cent in 2015. The key characteristics features are a strong MNC presence, a well-established distribution network, intense competition between the organized and unorganized segments and low operational cost.Availability of key raw materials, cheaper labor costs and presence across the entire value chain gives India a competitive advantage. The FMCG market is set to treble from $11. 6billion in 2003 to $33. 4 billion in 2015. Penetration level as well as per capita consumption in most product categories like jams, toothpaste, skin care, hair wash, etc. in India is low indicating the untapped market potential. Burgeoning Indian population, particularly the middle class and the rural segments, presents an opportunity to makers of branded products to convert consumers to branded products.Growth is also likely to come fro m consumer upgrading in the matured product categories. With 200 million people expected to shift to processed and packaged food by 2010, India needs around $28 billion of investment in the food-processing industry. 8 Government Policy The Government has enacted policies aimed at attaining international competitiveness through lifting of the quantitative restrictions, reduced excise duties, automatic foreign investment and food laws resulting in an environment that fosters growth.Completely export oriented units can be set up by government approval and use of foreign brand names is now freely permitted. Automatic investment approval (including foreign technology agreements within specified norms), up to100 per cent foreign equity or 100 per cent for NRI and Overseas Corporate Bodies(OCBs) investment, is allowed for most of the food processing sector except malted food, alcoholic beverages and those reserved for small scale industries (SSI). 24per cent foreign equity is permitted in the small-scale sector.Temporary approvals for imports for test marketing can also be obtained from the Director General of Foreign Trade. The evolution of a more liberal FDI policy environment in India is clearly supported by the successful operation of some of the global majors like PepsiCo in India. The Indian government has abolished licensing for almost all food and agro-processing industries except for some items like alcohol, cane sugar, hydrogenated animal fats and oils etc. , and items reserved for the exclusive manufacture in the SSI sector.Quantitative restrictions were removed in2001 and Union Budget 2004-05 further identified 85 items that would be taken out of the reserved list. This has resulted in a boom in the FMCG market through market expansion and greater product opportunities. 9 Central and State Initiatives Various states governments like Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal and Jammu Kashmir have encouraged companies to set up manufacturing facilities in their regio ns through a package of fiscal incentives.Jammu and Kashmir offers incentives such as allotment of land at concessional rates, 100 per cent subsidy on project reports and 30 per cent capital investment subsidy on fixed capital investment upto $63,000. The Himachal Pradesh government offers sales tax and power concessions, capital subsidies and other incentives for setting up a plant in its tax free zones. Trends The boom in various consumer categories, further, indicates a latent demand for various product segments. For example, the upper end of very rich and a part of the consuming class indicate small but rapidly growing segment for branded products.The middle segment, on the other hand, indicates a large market for the mass end products. The BRICs report indicates that India s per capita disposable income, currently at $556 per annum, will rise to $1150 by 2015 another FMCG demand driver. The spurting the industrial and services sector growth is also likely to boost the urban con sumption demand. An estimated double-digit growth over the next few years shows that the good times are likely to continue. 10 Growth Prospects With the presence of 12. 2% of the world population in the illages of India, the Indian rural FMCG market is something no one can overlook. Increased focus on farm sector will boost rural incomes, hence providing better growth prospects to the FMCG companies. Better infrastructure facilities will improve their supply chain. FMCG sector is also likely to benefit from growing demand in the market. Because of the low per capita consumption for almost all the products in the country, FMCG companies have immense possibilities for growth. If the companies are able to change the mindset of the consumers, i. . if they are able to take the consumers to branded products and offer new generation products, they would be able to generate higher growth in the near future. It is expected that the rural income will rise in 2007, boosting purchasing power in the countryside. However, the demand in urban areas would be the key growth driver over the long term. The increase in the urban population, along with increase in income levels and the availability of new categories, would help the urban areas maintain their position in terms of consumption.At present, urban India accounts for 66% of total FMCG consumption. However, rural India accounts for more than 40% consumption in major FMCG categories such as personal care, fabric care, and hot beverages. In urban areas, home and personal care category, including skin care, household care and feminine hygiene, will keep growing at relatively attractive rates. Within the foods segment, it is estimated that processed foods, bakery, and dairy are long-term growth categories in both rural and urban areas. 11 Industry Analysis A.Key Success Factors: a) Distribution-related KSFs: y y y y A strong network of distributors Efficient and responsive supply chain Ability to secure favourable display spa ce on retailer shelves Robust relationship with retailers b) Marketing-related KSFs: y y y y y Strong brand recall Motivated Sales team well equipped with the product knowledge Point of Sale advertising Special offers and bulk buy deals for retailers Attractive product packaging c) Other types of KSFs: y y High product quality standards Product innovation capabilities with respect to new product launch and time to market 2 d) Industry s Dominant Features: y y Industry growth rate: The industry is growing at the CAGR of 9%. Number of rivals: In certain product categories, such as, ketchup and sauces, the industry is dominated by a few large companies but overall it is fragmented into many small and regional companies. y Number of buyers: Market demand is fragmented among several buyers across the country and hence buyers do not enjoy much of bargaining power y Degree of product differentiation: Product of other companies is less differentiated leading to heightened price competition. Product Innovation: Development of new and differentiated products is important B. Industry Driving Forces: y y Booming modern retail Increasing globalisation of industry leading to several foreign companies foraying into India y Changes in consumer behaviour marked by increased health consciousness and adoption of urban and outgoing lifestyle y Burgeoning middle class with increased purchasing power 13 About the Company FieldFresh Foods Pvt Ltd. : An Indian business giant and a Philippine conglomerate have come together to create FieldFresh Foods Pvt.Ltd. FieldFresh Foods Pvt. Ltd. , is a venture between Bharti Enterprises and Del Monte Pacific Limited, to offer fresh and processed fruits and vegetables in the domestic as well as international markets, including Europe and the Middle East. Brand Del Monte has 118 years of rich international heritage during which it has been synonymous with quality and taste. The brand originated in the US and is now available all across the globe. The Del Monte range of branded processed food products ncludes Fruit drinks, Ketchup Sauces, Packaged Fruits and the Italian Range consisting of Pasta, Olive Oil and Olives/Jalapenos and a Culinary range which is aimed at HORECA, Foodservices and QSR industries. Del Monte was brought to India in 2007 by a joint venture between Bharti Enterprises and Del Monte Pacific Ltd. The JV is called FieldFresh Foods Pvt Ltd. Bharti Enterprises is one of Indias leading business groups with interests in telecom, agri business, financial services, retail and manufacturing.Del Monte Pacific Ltd, headquartered in Manila, Philippines, is engaged in the production, marketing, and distribution of Del Monte products in the select Asian markets. Del Monte Pacific also holds exclusive rights to produce and distribute food and beverage products in the Indian subcontinent. 14 The company will produce, market and distribute farm fresh products that address the needs of today s consumer. With a range of de licious and superior tasting products, FieldFresh Foods Pvt. Ltd. , looks forward to becoming one of the most trusted providers of premium quality fresh farm products, processed foods and beverages.With the synergy between Bharti s dynamism and Del Monte s heritage of over 100 years, the company aims at becoming a leading player in the foods beverages segment in India. FieldFresh Foods Pvt Ltd besides offering Del Monte range of Food Beverage products, also sources and markets fresh produce for domestic as well as export markets. The companys vision is to be the most trusted and innovative provider of branded fresh fruits, vegetables and processed food products in India. Bharti Enterprises:India s leading business group, Bharti Enterprises has interests in telecom, agri-business, insurance retail. With over 100 million customers, Bharti s flagship unit, Airtel Ltd. , is the country s leading private sector provider of telecommunication services. 15 Del Monte Pacific Limited: Base d in Philippines, the company is engaged in the production, marketing, and distribution of premium branded processed foods and beverages. Del Monte Pacific also holds exclusive rights to produce and distribute food and beverage products in the Indian subcontinent. Quality Excellence at FieldFreshFieldFresh ensures best-in-class facilities, business practices and quality standards through technological innovations, international quality management systems and food safety initiatives. Our Quality Management System (QMS) operates on: Right First Time Zero Tolerance These are achieved through critical interventions in processes wherever applicable, so that only top-class quality products reach the end consumers. To pave the way in farming practices, the company has complied with Global GAP guidelines not only in company managed farms but across all partner farms.The growing partners are spread across the following states: Punjab Baby Corn, French Peas Maharashtra Sweet Corn Baby Corn Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh Mangoes 16 The state-of-the-art laboratory facilitates physical, chemical and microbiological analysis of the raw materials and packaging materials through the entire manufacturing cycle. Continuous focus on packaging development and innovative solutions has enabled FieldFresh to meet the superior packaging requirement of customers. At FieldFresh, food safety and consumer health is the top most priority.This is clearly reflected in the manufacturing facility and packhouse being certified under: Food Safety Management Systems (FSMS) (ISO:22000:2005) BRC British Retail Consortium Environment Health Safety (EHS) is an integral part of FieldFresh business practices. Focus on EHS is driven through: Process Mapping Regulatory and Food Safety Audits Reviews of Certifications The Technical team is also focused on critical processes and development for new initiatives on new products. Certifications The Good Agricultural Practices and QMS have enabled us to achie ve highest levels of standards and certifications.Exports FieldFresh Foods has focused on building a robust Fresh Exports business model in vegetablesprimarily Baby Corn and Sweet Corn. Some of the other greens exported are French Beans and Green Chillies. All farms, where both Baby Corn Sweet Corn is grown are Global GAP certified farms. 17 Agri Centre Of Excellence (ACE) FieldFreshAgri Centre OF Excellence (ACE) at Ladhowal, Ludhiana, Punjab was inaugurated by Dr. Manmohan Singh, Honourable Prime Minister of India on 27th September, 2006. ACE comprises of 300 acres of farming, developed for open and protected cultivation.The activities that have gone into making ACE a centre of excellence are: Partner Farming Farmer Training Open Cultivation Crop Development 132 acres of Micro Irrigation 42 acres of Spanish designed protected cultivation Bell Peppers and Cherry Tomatoes grown in Glass Houses Chilly Nursery in Green Houses Cauliflowers in Net Houses 24 x 7 technical support to the partner farmers A state-of-the-art processing facility and pack-house has been set up with vegetable processing capacity of over 250 tons and a cold-storage capacity of 500 metric tons built over 7500 sq. metres.The facility takes pride in the following certifications: GLOBALGAP Certified Operations ISO 22000 Certified Packhouse BRC (British Retail Consortium) Certification for the Packhouse 18 About the Products The Del Monte product range includes: y Fruit drinks: Pineapple fruit drink with pulp, Pineapple Orange fruit drink, and Four seasons fruit drink (Pineapple, Mango, Orange and Guava), Green Apple and Orange y Packaged fruits: Pineapple Slices, Pineapple Tidbits, Prunes, Mango Pulp(Sweetened), Fiesta Fruit Cocktail and Peach Halves 19 y Corn: Regular and Sweet Corn yKetchup Sauces: Tomato Ketchup, Zingo Twango Sauces 20 y Italian Range: Range of dry Pasta, table Olives and Olive Oil 21 Theoretical Framework Milk Run Model Del Monte Distributors use Milk Run model for the distribution of their products. A milk run is typically a route in which a delivery van either delivers product from a single to multiple retailers or goes from multiple suppliers to a single retailer. In other words, a supplier delivers directly to multiple retail stores on a truck or a truck picks up deliveries for many suppliers of the same retail store.The diagram below shows how a milk runs model of single supplier and many retailers work. The company has divided their distribution channel into two parts General trade and modern trade. General trade consist of bakeries, small kirana stores, retail stores and medium size deartmental stores. It is a huge business and the fact that the mass of India still purchases their grocery items from local kirana stores. It becomes very important for the company to have a robust sales and distribution network in genearl trade. Whole of the city is divided into areas depending on the geographical location of dealers.The dealer has the respons ibility of catering to demand whole area surrounding it. Their were 7 dealers and each dealer had 700 outlets in his area. Modern trade constitutes stand alone supermarkets, Hypermarkets and supermarkets which are a part of retail chain spread across the country. There are three distributors for modern trade. Milk run is helpful since in our case very frequent and small deliveries are 22 needed on a regular basis and either a set of suppliers or a set of retailers is in geographic proximity. The dealer has around 700 outlets in his area and the delivery is divided on the basis of routes.Since all the stores are in geographical proximity and the deliveries are small this model is very successful. Some of the salient features of Milk runs model are ? Milk runs help to reduce the transportation costs by consolidating shipments to multiple stores on a single truck. ? Milk runs allow deliveries to multiple stores to be consolidated on a single truck, resulting in a better utilization of the truck and somewhat lower costs. ? The use of milk run is helpful if very frequent, small deliveries are needed on a regular basis and either a set of suppliers or a set of retailers is in geographic proximity. Helps to reduce the amount of inventory to be kept as a safety stock in the warehouses. High degree of coordination and synchronization required among the members of supply chain Methods of Distribution Method 1 Ready stock unit: In ready stock unit, the company appointed salesman, 1 driver and a helper from dealer go in a delivery van. They go to each store and according to the order that retailer places, it is immediately delivered. Delivery vans usually contain all the products in substantial quantity but if it is not avalaible at that moment the order is noted and delivered later.A receipt is made for the same and whole of the order is given on credit. Sometimes only driver and sales guy are there depending upon the distributor. Method 2 In the second method the salesm an appointed from Del Monte takes order from stores which he visits on his motorcyle. He covers all the stores on a prticular route in a day. He gives the order list to dealer at the end of the day. The order list consists of products to be delivered, quantity and address of retailer. The next day the delivery van goes on the same the route and delivers the at the given address.The sales man on the other hand is on another route for the next day and this cycle continues. 23 The Project Feasibility of perforated sheet promotional material in Bangalore Background:The Company Del Monte had launched perforated sheet with Del Monte brand printed on it as a promotional material which was a great success in Delhi. These perforated sheets basically acts like sun shield and to be put in the car rear windshield. The design of these sheets is such that while it blocks the incoming sun light, the visibility is not hampered.Such perforated sheets are already in use in buses where the large glass area provides for ample space to put these materials. The Company wanted to replicate the success of this promotional material in Bangalore too but it proved to be a failure, reasons for which we shall discuss below. Task:The Company had asked us to analyse the reasons of failure and at the same time try to diffuse the promotional material in the market. Action Outcome:In this regard I interacted with car owners or drivers on whether they would be willing to use that sheet for their cars.The locations selected for such interaction were Parking lots in malls, and other commercial areas where there were plenty of cars. Invariably, all the people I spoke to, refused to this idea citing one of the following reasons:y y y y y y They already have a sun film on their car s windows and windshield They are not comfortable in carrying a Company s advertisement. They were asking for some incentive for sporting the promotional material. Car drivers refused to this saying they need to take pri or permission from car owners.It doesn t get as hot and sunny in Bangalore as it is in Delhi, which made the sun screen seem less attractive even in summer. They were sceptical that visibility would be hampered. It was also observed during the above interaction that most of the people I interacted with were not aware of the Del Monte brand but I made use of the opportunity to make them aware of the brand and its product offerings even if they were averse to idea of using perforated promotional material. This exercise instead turned out to be a face-to-face promotion and perforated sheets were just a platform to start-off the interaction.I also observed that such face-to-face promotion was very effective as people were not only made aware of the Brand but could also be educated on the Brand, its history and of course its product offerings but the downside was the very limited reach we had. 24 Sales and distribution: Indias economy is projected to grow at a fast rate over the next few years. With increasing purchasing power and a rising middle class, the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry is posed to grow dramatically. To leverage opportunities, FMCG manufacturers and retailers are developing and implementing deliberate strategies for gaining market access.FMCG giants like Unilever, Marico, PG, Nestle etc are constantly improving and modernizing their sales and distribution network removing their bottle necks. Del Monte has developed a strong distribution channel in a short span of time. I would like to throw some light on sales and distribution network of Del Monte. Bangalore is the head office of South India Del Monte operations. The company has divided the distribution channel into two parts 1. General Trade 2. Modern trade Modern trade constitutes stand alone supermarkets and supermarkets which are a part of retail chain spread across the country.General trade deals with bakery, retail stores and small kirana stores. Sales 100 80 60 40 20 0 General T rade Modern Trade Sales 25 MODERN TRADE (STAND-ALONE) OVERVIEW The Co. has three distributors that serve the standalone departments stores across Bangalore. Most of these outlets are individually owned operate like mom-pop stores but in an organized fashion. Each distributor covers 6 different routes each day from Monday through Saturday. I was working under Ghouri and Co, a distributor who handled around 65 stores in Bangalore South and Central.Unlike General Trade where the outlets are located in a cluster, the outlets are sparsely located. A Sales Man typically serves 7-10 stores in a day, whereby the orders are taken and the delivery is made the following day. Normally, the activities performed are as follows:y y y Take a count of the existing stock and note down in the order book Estimate the potential order. Consult the purchase officer/ store manager/ category manager for final order placement. y y y y Delivery made by the distributor the following day. Payment collected eith er by the distributor themselves or by the Co. Salesman. Credit period usually ranges from 15-30 days. Put up point of sale promotional material. Most of the stores that fall under the Modern Trade- Stand Alone category have decentralized purchasing system even if the no. of outlets of that particular Co. is in several. Since the stores are serviced weekly, the quantity ordered aren t huge and typically the stores doesn t keep off the shelve stock, what all they have is there on the shelves. 26 At present modern Trade (including Retail chains) account for 85% of the sales.This is mainly because the products that Del Monte has under its portfolio in India are premium and suit the lifestyle of modern audiences who buy their groceries from modern retail outlets. The higher purchasing power and brand awareness also helps in the sale of almost all the products. The following products sell well at modern retail outlets:y y y y California prunes Canned fruits Italian range including olive, pastas etc. Juices Again this is an overall movement of goods because movement each product depends primarily on the location of the store and its customer base.DAY Monday Tuesday Wednesday ROUTE Indira Nagar, Domlur Marathahalli, Whitefield OUTLETS COVERED 15 11 Wilson Town, Frazer Town, 14 Hennur Main Road Thursday Friday Saturday Kamanahalli, Banasawadi Ulsoor, Indira Nagar Kasthuri Nagar, K R Puram 14 12 04 27 Issues in Modern Trade Stand Alone Super Markets 1. The single most important issue was the start time of the daily route. Ideally the distributor should open office by 9 AM which enables the sales representative to start his route by 9:30 but mostly there are delays either on distributor s side or the salesman s side.This results in a late start by the sales man. Most stores do not give orders beyond lunch hour, due to which there is an unnecessary rush on the salesman s part to get to the stores and get their orders before lunch. 2. The products in demand in modern trad e are different from that in general trade. In G. T (general trade) mostly ketchup and juices are sold while in Modern trade (M. T) Pastas, Prunes, Fruit cocktail and Sweet corn are also sold in good numbers. Salesmen in modern trade are not able to explain the ingredients or the taste of the products.This lack of precise knowledge creates confusion in minds of retailers and brings about a certain degree of hesitation while giving orders. 3. Salesman does not emphasize the placement of products in the store shelf. Even if they do it is impossible to keep a check on the activitie
Sunday, October 20, 2019
WWI Draft Registration Records
WWI Draft Registration Records All males in the United States between the ages of 18 and 45 were required by law to register for the draft throughout 1917 and 1918, making WWI draft records a rich source of information on millions of American males born between about 1872 and 1900. The WWI draft registration records are by far the biggest group of such draft records in the U.S., containing names, ages, dates, and place of birth for more than 24 million men. Notable registrants of the World War One draft include, among many others, Louis Armstrong, Fred Astaire, Charlie Chaplin, Al Capone, George Gershwin, Norman Rockwell, and Babe Ruth. Record Type: Draft registration cards, original records (microfilm and digital copies also available) Location: U.S., although some individuals of foreign birth are also included. Time Period: 1917–1918 Best For: Learning the exact date of birth for all registrants (especially useful for men born prior to the onset of state birth registration), and exact place of birth for men born between 6 June 1886 and 28 August 1897 who registered in the first or second draft (possibly the only source of this information for foreign-born men who never became naturalized U.S. citizens). What Are WWI Draft Registration Records? On May 18, 1917, the Selective Service Act authorized the President to temporarily increase the U.S. military. Under the office of the Provost Marshal General, the Selective Service System was established to draft men into military service. Local boards were created for each county or similar state subdivision, and for each 30,000 people in cities and counties with a population greater than 30,000. During World War I there were three draft registrations: 5 June 1917 - all men between the ages of 21 and 31 residing in the U.S. - whether native born, naturalized, or alien5 June 1918 - men who reached age 21 after 5 June 1917. (A supplemental registration, included in the second registration, was held on 24 August 1918, for men who turned 21 years old after 5 June 1918.)12 September 1918 - all men between age 18 and 45. What You Can Learn From WWI Draft Records: At each of the three draft registrations a different form was used, with slight variations in the information requested. In general, however, youll find the registrants full name, address, phone number, date and place of birth, age, occupation and employer, the name and address of the nearest contact or relative, and the signature of the registrant. Other boxes on the draft cards asked for descriptive details such as race, height, weight, eye and hair color and other physical characteristics. Keep in mind that WWI Draft Registration Records are not military service records and they dont document anything past the individuals arrival at training camp and contain no information about an individuals military service. It is also important to note that not all of the men who registered for the draft actually served in the military, and not all men who served in the military registered for the draft. Where Can I Access WWI Draft Records? The original WWI draft registration cards are in the custody of the National Archives - Southeast Region near Atlanta, Georgia. They are also available on microfilm (National Archives publication M1509) at the Family History Library in Salt Lake City, local Family History Centers, the National Archives and its Regional Archive centers. On the Web, subscription-based Ancestry.com offers a searchable index of the WWI Draft Registration Records, as well as digital copies of the actual cards. The complete collection of digitized WWI draft records, plus a searchable index, is also available online for free from FamilySearch - United States World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917–1918. How to Search the WWI Draft Registration Records To effectively search for an individual among the WWI draft registration records, youll need to know at least the name and the county in which he registered. In large cities and in some large counties, youll also need to know the street address to determine the correct draft board. There were 189 local boards in New York City, for example. Searching by name only is not always enough as is fairly common to have numerous registrants with the same name. If you dont know the individuals street address, there are several sources where you may be able to find this information. City directories are the best source, and can be found at most large public libraries in that city and through Family History Centers. Other sources include the 1920 Federal Census (assuming that the family didnt move after the draft registration), and any contemporary records of events that occurred about that time (vital records, naturalization records, wills, etc.). If youre searching online and dont know where your individual was living, you can sometimes find him through other identifying factors. Many individuals, especially in the southeast U.S., registered by their full name, including middle name, which can make them easier to identify. You could also narrow the search by month, day and/or year of birth.
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Egyptian Wonders of the Ancient World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Egyptian Wonders of the Ancient World - Essay Example The building of these pyramids took a vast labor force and a vast amount of resources. Often, prisoners and slaves of conquest were subscripted into the labor force, but the citizens were also used. In archaeological sites, it is found that in areas where these pyramids are built that they stimulated village economies. As a result, there are many different types of shops and buildings that have been uncovered showing how the Egyptians were able to support and supply such a massive workforce. The pyramids were not a static structure but rather evolved over time as the Egyptians became more and more sophisticated in the field of mathematics, materials construction, and architecture. The first pyramids were less sophisticated and represented more rectangular flat structures called mastabas. This is why there is an observable trend in the change in the construction of the periods between the Old Kingdom and the New Kingdom as better methods of construction were discovered. Pharaoh Djoser constructed the first pyramid. His pyramid was made of mud brick and other materials that were soon replaced with the stone architecture. In addition, his building plan left the burial chamber and passageways below the surface and they were eventually plundered. Subsequent burial chambers in the next pyramids were built deep within the heart of the pyramid with a subsequent mirage of multiple mazes. In order to protect the contents and body of the Pharaoh that was buried, Egyptian architectures started looking at improving security systems in order to protect them. The most common method was through the creation of booby traps in order to keep grave robbers from reaching the burial chamber by either scaring them away or killing them. There were also decoy chambers designed in order to make robbers think they were in the rear chamber. The use of multiple mazes also created additional protection by offering many different routes, some of which lead to dead ends designed to confuse th ose that entered the tomb without permission.
Friday, October 18, 2019
The Effect of Defendant SES on Decisions Made Research Paper
The Effect of Defendant SES on Decisions Made - Research Paper Example Group data was analyzed using T - test. Results did not show any significant difference (p> 0.05) deviated from the null hypothesis of equal chance at the level of significant 0.05. There is no significant difference between ratings of guilt, responsibility and length of sentences proposed by participants in the two groups. Many persons look to the court or judicial system for justice. In lands where common law legal system prevails, juries are part of the judicial process. Possibly, it is the 'single most defining feature' (Decaire, n.d.) of this kind of legal system. A jury, composed of average citizens, hears the evidence and determines guilt or innocence. Then, depending on the type of case, the judge may sentence the guilty parties. Over the last decades, however, exploratory evidence implies that the jury system has been infiltrated by prejudice. Decaire (n.d.) noted the following: In a perfect, just world, the jury system would provide a fair and elaborate procedure through which a defendant's potential guilt in the violation of criminal laws would be determined in an unbiased manner. However, empirical evidence suggests that this "fair and unbiased" procedure is failing. Baldwin and McConville (1979) found that as many as 5 percent of jury trials in England came up with disturbingly questionable convictions. And this conclusion is not limited to investigators, Kalven and Zeisal (1966) noted that judges and jurors disagreed regarding the verdicts in as many as 20 percent of cases. An ever growing body of evidence suggests that juries may be, both consciously and unconsciously, using a number of extra-evidential factors in order to come to their decisions. Several psychological studies gave evidence that "extra-evidential factors" such as race or ethnicity, halo and devil effect and socioeconomic status of the defendant can influence jury's decision processes. Race or Ethnicity The connection between race and jury decision making has raved great controversy in recent years (Sommers, 2007). Researches, however, do not have an exclusively consistent result on how defendant's race and jury's decisions are linked. Surprisingly, though, 'several studies in the past two decades reveal evidence of White juror bias against Black defendants' (Sommers & Ellsworth, 2003). For instance, statistical review of fourteen studies by Sweeney and Haney (1992 as quoted in Sommers & Ellsworth, 2003) showed that White mock jurors advocated Black defendants with longer sentences than White defendants. Halo and Devil Effect Affect heuristic, 'the subjective impressions of goodness/badness act as a heuristic - a source of fast, perceptual
Child Psychopathology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Child Psychopathology - Research Paper Example They are not able to manage the tasks of everyday life and cannot complete work which requires concentration. Children cannot perform very well at school as well and later in life they have difficulties in getting into relationships. Trauma to the brain by accidents and falls as well as exposure to chemicals such as lead during prenatal and early years of life can be counted as causes leading to this disease. Genetic factors also pose as a risk for it. Consumption of alcohol, cigarettes and other chemicals which affect the development of the brain can also create a risk for the infant to suffer from ADHD. A healthy atmosphere at home and educated parents can decrease the risk of developing this psychiatric condition. These people find it very difficult to cope up with the everyday activities and their weaknesses make them susceptible to develop addictions which include alcohol consumption and abuse of the prescription medications as well as other stimulants like caffeine and nicotine . Body: Being focused on to the important aspects of life is one of the main functions of the brain. In some diseases or disorders this special function of the brain is either lost or diminished. One such disorder which diminishes the functions of the brain is the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. ... vention has also indicated that 8 million children in the United States between the age of 3 to 17 years have been diagnosed by this condition and 11% of the diagnosed cases are boys whereas 4.8% of the diagnosed cases are girls. Thus this disease is more common among children and it has a higher rate of occurrence in boys than in girls. Attention Deficit Disorder is a neuropsychiatric condition in which an individual is not able to concentrate or focus on a single aspect for a longer time. This leads to a lack of attention and it affects activities of an individual in everyday life. This disorder has a genetic predisposition as well as environmental factors play a role in it. Neurotransmitters which help in transmitting signals to and from the neurons are usually affected in this type of disorder which usually affects the chemical functions of the brain. Thus injuries to brain and chemicals which affect brain functioning can result in this disorder. A child who has close relatives a nd siblings suffering from ADHD is at a high risk of developing this condition. As already indicated by the statistics of the Center for Disease Control and prevention boys possess a risk of developing this disorder and they possess a more than two time greater risk of this illness. Damage to the brain through direct brain injury also makes a child more susceptible to have ADHD. Pregnant women, who consume alcohol, smoke and are exposed to other toxins like lead and chemicals that create hindrances in normal brain development may give birth to children possessing very high risks to suffer from this psychiatric condition. Not only this but also children who are exposed to harmful chemicals such as lead are also more vulnerable. This is because these chemicals prevent the normal growth of the
Thursday, October 17, 2019
The importance of having a strategic procurement plan Essay
The importance of having a strategic procurement plan - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that procurement planning as noted by Sanjay is a dynamic process that needs input from different groups of professionals. Therefore John recommends that strategic procurement and planning in an organization should be performed by a multidisciplinary team established particularly for the duty, with the involvement of various technical and management professional who is experienced in procurement and supply management of strategic health supplies. Where necessary, the procurement planning team might request expertise and advice from certain advisors. The multidisciplinary team is established to make sure that the planning process is not interrupted. The responsibilities of the team are not merely limited to the planning of the products, rather it as well involves monitoring, evaluation, and implementation of the strategic procurement plan. The procurement of health products such as medicines in a healthcare organization requires full kno wledge of the supply system, the sister organizations and other institutions involved. To make sure that there is a continuous availability of products within the organization, the procurement planning team of the organization, has to formulate, coordinate, carry out and monitor the entire procurement process. The team should perform a quick situation evaluation of the supply system to establish possible problems and bottlenecks that could negatively impact the availability of products within the main organization and sister organizations. As explained by Sanjay medicines supply system is cyclic in its nature whereby each task is supported by the past task and leads systematically to the next. Supposing each task is carried out independently of one another instead of being an element of an integrated system, the result is increases in costs, frequent stock shortages and deterioration in the quality of patient care. A good example of this aspect can be viewed in the needs estimation process when there is accurate, well-written and regularly updated epidemiological accounts and information on the use of the product and purchases might become more accurate, efficient and timely.
Is our planet in trouble Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Is our planet in trouble - Essay Example Diamandis does acknowledge that the world does indeed face numerous challenges; however, advancements in technology by virtue of Moore’s Law, increase in the number of people entering into the Internet and increased funding of innovation by techno-philanthropists are some of the factors that will lead to the development of solutions to these global challenges. The arguments raised by Gilding and Diamandis have their merits and demerits. Gilding looks at situation from a more conservative perspective and uses pessimism or more rightly fear to push us towards incorporating environmental sustainability in all our endeavors. Diamandis on the other hand is more liberal and uses optimism or opportunities to push us towards seeking innovative solutions to facing our current global challenges. Ultimately, though, we do agree with Gilding that we have to incorporate environmental sustainability in all our endeavors. The unarguable fact is humanity does need what nature provides (â€Å"Footprint Basics - Overview†). We do need resources derived from nature to build the technology needed to face our global challenges. So, yes, technology can save us from ecological overshoot however we do need the ecology first in order to build the
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
The importance of having a strategic procurement plan Essay
The importance of having a strategic procurement plan - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that procurement planning as noted by Sanjay is a dynamic process that needs input from different groups of professionals. Therefore John recommends that strategic procurement and planning in an organization should be performed by a multidisciplinary team established particularly for the duty, with the involvement of various technical and management professional who is experienced in procurement and supply management of strategic health supplies. Where necessary, the procurement planning team might request expertise and advice from certain advisors. The multidisciplinary team is established to make sure that the planning process is not interrupted. The responsibilities of the team are not merely limited to the planning of the products, rather it as well involves monitoring, evaluation, and implementation of the strategic procurement plan. The procurement of health products such as medicines in a healthcare organization requires full kno wledge of the supply system, the sister organizations and other institutions involved. To make sure that there is a continuous availability of products within the organization, the procurement planning team of the organization, has to formulate, coordinate, carry out and monitor the entire procurement process. The team should perform a quick situation evaluation of the supply system to establish possible problems and bottlenecks that could negatively impact the availability of products within the main organization and sister organizations. As explained by Sanjay medicines supply system is cyclic in its nature whereby each task is supported by the past task and leads systematically to the next. Supposing each task is carried out independently of one another instead of being an element of an integrated system, the result is increases in costs, frequent stock shortages and deterioration in the quality of patient care. A good example of this aspect can be viewed in the needs estimation process when there is accurate, well-written and regularly updated epidemiological accounts and information on the use of the product and purchases might become more accurate, efficient and timely.
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
''The Cadbury Report on Corporate Governance(Cadbury Code 1992) had Essay
''The Cadbury Report on Corporate Governance(Cadbury Code 1992) had serious and significant flaws that rendered it incomplete as a tool to control certain types of unscrupulous economic behaviour'' - Essay Example As a result the investing public began to lose confidence (Colley, 2005). Apart from the loss of valuable investments such business failures also gave rise to the loss of jobs, shattered public confidence and the decline of the savings invested in the company stock along with the fear of future corporate failures. It was after these failures that the media and the governments made a combined effort to stress on the importance of corporate governance, not just b y highlighting what had gone wrong but also brought the board of directors of the functioning corporate into the public eyes(Colley, 2005). The Industrial Revolution was followed by a wave of capitalism. In capitalism the wealth was restricted to a particular class which continued to get wealthier whereas the remaining segment was poor. This wealth was acquired by those with flourishing businesses at the expense of their workers, customers and the public shareholders. At this point the government began to take notice of the situation and took steps to introduce measures to protected those affected in a negative way by such business practices. As capitalism developed it gave more people the opportunities to set up their businesses. Those with capital begin o to their money together to set up and sun businesses. This made them the shareholders of these businesses. As these businesses grew in size, governance became a challenge (Colley, 2005). In order to understand what corporate governance truly is we must first understand what governance in general terms means. Once we know what governance is we can look into the history of cooperates and why the need for corporate governance was felt. Governance generally refers to the art or the process of governing. This is a concept which in one form or the other has existed throughout the ages across all civilizations. Governance and its processes have changed over time to meet the changing environment. History has seen
Alexander Hamilton and the founding of the Nation Essay Example for Free
Alexander Hamilton and the founding of the Nation Essay American history Introduction            Alexander Hamilton was a very controversial man of his age and he was a gifted statesman who was brought down by serious faults of arrogance, extreme candor and stubbornness. Hamilton’s career and life were marked by a dramatic rise to heroism, tragedy and scandal (Hamilton Morris, 1957). However his contributions are still evident. As the Secretary of the Treasury in the turbulent early years of the state, Hamilton spearheaded the transformation of young nation into industrial powerhouse. American experience is a 2-hour documentary which features actor Brian F. O’ Byrne, Tony Award winning Broadway who is the most controversial founding father in America. American Experience brings to life most persuasive stories of the past which inform people’s understanding of the contemporary world. This film is more than just a history lesson due to its attention to Hamilton’s peccadilloes and psychology (Nelson, 2011).            Hamilton’s public life and also the policies that he advocated are granted plenty of attention since they are very interesting. The most fascinating thing is the comparison which is inevitable between then and today, and how conflict of ideas that started soon after the contemporary nation was instituted is still evident (Hogeland, 2007). Hamilton devoted his entire life on creating the United States to be a better nation. The documentary shows how united stated was able to develop quickly from the newborn nation under the watch of Hamilton becoming the one of the strongest economies around the world, making the Louisiana Purchase a reality, the size of the united states doubled, the building of railroads and canals, and establishment of heavy industry which helped in fueling the development of the largest cities in United states (Murray, 2007). The film also shows how Hamilton advocated for a central government that was strong and an economy based upon manufacturing –ideas and commerce which was deemed as radical by many individuals. He advocated for equality, opposed slavery and also led to birth of a two-party system in America (Hamilton Frisch, 1985). References Nelson, S. (Director). (2011). American experience [Documentary]. united states: PBS Distribution. This film covered Hamilton’s short life, one that had more than its share of tragedy, heroism and scandal. It also shows the achievements and his contributions towards developing United States. Hamilton, A., Morris, R. B. (1957). Alexander Hamilton and the founding of the Nation. New York: Dial Press. This book illustrates the short life lived by Alexander Hamilton and also how he founded United States. In this regard the book explains his many contributions and developments that transformed United States for the better. Hamilton, A., Frisch, M. J. (1985). Selected writings and speeches of Alexander Hamilton. Washington: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research. This book shows Hamiltons speeches and writings. I t also shows the policies that he advocate including how he was fighting for equality and opposing slavery. Hogeland, William. â€Å"Inventing Alexander Hamilton†. Boston Review 32:6 (Nov/Dec 2007); 21-24 This article how Alexander Hamilton founded and developed America from being a weak nation to a strong nation. This article also depicts his life and many policies that he initiated to develop the United States. Murray, J. A. (2007). Alexander Hamilton Americas forgotten founder. New York: Algora Pub.. This book also shows Hamiltons controversial life and also many policies that he advocated towards achieving equality for all and for a better United States. Source document
Monday, October 14, 2019
Lean Manufacturing: Concept Overview and Disadvantages
Lean Manufacturing: Concept Overview and Disadvantages Introduction The most noteworthy evolution of lean accounting in recent years has been a sharpening focus on value. Lean has always been centered on creating value for customers and eliminating non-value adding waste (Asefeso, p 9). Lean accounting has been steadily making it possible for manufacturers to explicitly measure value in financial terms and to focus improvement efforts on increasing value. With many manufacturers now implementing lean, it becomes essential to discover what part of lean accounting has played in the changes made. This paper will give a brief background of lean manufacturing and a general overview of what lean accounting is. I will also explore some problems and disadvantages of lean accounting from various researched articles. Background of Lean Manufacturing Lean is a philosophy that spurred from the Toyota Production System (TPS). TPS was created by Toyotas founder Sakichi Toyodo, Kiichiro Toyoda, and Taiichi Ohno. Much of TPS was also influenced by W. Edwards Demings statistic process control (SPC) and Henry Fords mass production lines. However, the Japanese were not impressed with Fords approach because it was filled with over-production, lots of inventory, and much waiting. Toyota identified these weaknesses in Fords production line and adapted the production line to create a more productive and reliable production line. TPS and lean also use just-in-time inventory where only small amounts of inventory were ordered and very little inventory was left waiting in the production line. This also was very different from Fords production line which usually bought high volumes of materials and had high inventory levels to lower costs. After TPS proved to be successful for Toyota, many companies adapted their production lines to incorporate lean principles. Lean management was first introduced in the United States in the early 1980s after a global study of the performance of automotive assembly plants. Essentially, the primary principle of lean is that it is a tool used in manufacturing to eliminate waste, improve quality, and reduce cost. Waste is eliminated by identifying non-value added activity. The main objective is to supply perfect value to the customer through a perfect value product that has no waste. Eliminating waste along entire value streams, instead of at isolated points, creates processes that need less human effort, less space, less capital, and less time to make products and services at far less costs and with much fewer defects, compared with traditional business systems (What is Lean?). Companies may face certain challenges when applying lean to their production lines. First, lean should be applied to companies that have production lines that are routine, predictable, stable, and can be flow charted. Second, lean implementation may take years and can be very costly in large companies. Depending on how integrated the systems and how disciplined the production line is, it is quite possible that a lean implementation may fail. There are several key lean manufacturing principles that need to be understood in order to implement lean. Failure to understand and apply these principles will most likely result in failure or a lack of commitment from everyone (Key Lean Manufacturing). These principles are as follows: 1. Elimination of waste; 2. Continuous improvement; 3. Respect for humanity; 4. Levelized production; 5. Just-in-time production; and 6. Quality built-in (Key Lean Manufacturing). Management may also be discouraged to adopt lean manufacturing right away because the lean implementation is a long term investment. Most CEOs make decisions that benefit the company in the short run, and may choose not to adopt lean because it may show unfavorable results on the financial statement during the early stages. Lean will cause a decrease in inventory levels, causing assets on the balance sheet to drop which is not always favorable. However, these short term negative results will eventually become long run gains as the company benefits from less inventory holding costs and improved processes. Background of Lean Accounting While most people associate lean to manufacturing processes, it is now taking on a very important key role for companies to adopt lean throughout the other departments of the company. An example of a support function that uses the lean concept is the accounting field. Since accounting is a support department, it should apply lean principles after the manufacturing department has incorporated lean. Accountings main duty is to accurately measure and communicate financial activity, and by adopting lean accounting after successfully implementing lean manufacturing would allow for the accurate measurement of the new production system. Lean accounting evolved from a concern that traditional accounting practices were inadequate and, in fact, a deterrent to the adoption of some of the necessary improvements to manufacturing operations. While manufacturing managers knew that investments in automation and the adoption of lean manufacturing practices were the right things to do, traditional accounting was often an obstacle to such improvements, yielding numbers that only supported investments when they could be justified by reductions in direct labor, with little benefit ascribed to any improvements to quality, flexibility or company throughput (Asefeso, p 10). Lean accounting is the cornerstone of a completely different model of manufacturing management. By itself, lean accounting has limited value, but as the financial basis for the application of logistics, superior management, factory operations, marketing, pricing, and other vital business functions, lean accounting is very powerful. A core principle of lean accounting is that the value stream is the only appropriate cost collection entity within the organization, as opposed to traditional accountings use of cells, cost or profit centers or departments normally based on smaller, functional groupings of work activity (Asefeso, p12). The main idea behind lean is minimizing waste, therefore creating more value for customers with fewer resources. Problems and Disadvantages of Lean Accounting Lean accounting may reduce the manufacturing process to a few numbers, but it does not provide a lot of information. There are several flaws of using the lean accounting approach. Speed gives you an advantage over the competition. No matter if you are first in a market or deliver a product faster, it will improve your competitiveness and hence your revenue. However, it is nearly impossible to determine this advantage quantitatively. How much does it get you to be in the market seven days earlier? One big thing in lean manufacturing is to reduce fluctuations. The more even your system works, the more profitable you will be. However, it is difficult to measure these fluctuations, even more difficult to determine the impact of an improvement on fluctuations, and hence nearly impossible to calculate the monetary benefit of reducing fluctuations. Yet another thing in lean is customer satisfaction, often described as value to the customer. What is the monetary damage if a delivery is delay ed, if a product breaks, if service is slow, or if your people are unfriendly? It is nearly impossible to know. Even more difficult to determine is how improvement measures will actually influence the above. How much does it cost you to provide a better service, how will this influence customer satisfaction, and what is your benefit from this? (The Problems of). Using lean accounting can also lead to bad decisions such as where to put the money when profits are maximized and where to take the money out that has been saved. There are also several disadvantages of using lean accounting. One disadvantage of lean accounting is that it requires a top-down, sometimes monumental cultural shift. Most manufacturing companies have cost accounting systems in place that measure production improvements in terms of short and medium-term cost reductions. However, lean accounting focuses on freeing up resources to increase the product or product lines value to customers and make more money. Senior management must therefore change their thinking from one focused on the bottom line to one focused somewhere between revenues and profits. Without managements full commitment, full implementation of an effective lean accounting system will stall (Wright). Accounting systems traditionally generate internal reports that owners and management both senior and departmental review and discuss. Lean accounting aims to translate the information into numbers that task-based employees in various departments can use. These accounting systems focus on compiling cost-based data. Since lean accounting focuses on value creation, companies often need to completely overhaul their accounting systems, collection and measurement procedures, controls and software. Any system overhaul can be daunting, but the scope of an accounting system overhaul can be particularly exhaustive (Wright). Lean accounting focuses on increasing revenues and profits by increasing the value of a companys products and services. When lean accounting systems focus on value stream instead of cost, they may inadvertently omit costs or ignore issues related to specific costs. Until a company fully captures a product or product lines value stream, accountants may not be able to appropriately price products or determine each products individual level of profitability (Wright). Effective lean thinking and lean accounting require input and involvement by all employees. Many employees in a traditional manufacturing or distribution environment are reactive, following the orders given them. Companies must therefore invest in training, developing and empowering all their employees to help them become proactive. This can be expensive and time consuming (Wright). Unless the accountants understand the way that lean works, in the worst case it seems to them that lean produces losses, not efficiencies. In a typical case, they cannot see the cost advantages. Those who were fighting to introduce lean into their companies reported over and over again that finding a way to reconcile accounting the way lean does it and standard cost accounting was proving to be much harder than it should be (Woods). Lean practitioners think of accounting in cash terms. Lean is against creating data and reports for their own sake. That would be considered another form of waste. In general, lean advocates have a jaundiced view of enterprise software and any general-purpose automation tools. The lean approach measures how well your value stream is working (Woods). The difference between lean accounting and standard cost accounting can be explained in a simple weight loss analogy. When dieting, standard cost accounting would advise you to weigh yourself once a week to see if youre losing weight. Lean accounting would measure your calorie intake and your exercise and then attempt to adjust them until you achieve the desired outcome. While this analogy is oversimplified, it does get to the core difference between lean and standard cost accounting. Lean accounting attempts to find measures that predict success. Standard cost accounting measures results after the fact (Woods). But even when the accounting types and the lean practitioners start to understand each other, problems remain. How can we reconcile the kind of data collection and accounting that lean demands and the standard cost accounting? Duplicated data collection and reporting is indeed a form of waste (Woods). Conclusion While lean accounting is still a work-in-process, there is now an agreed body of knowledge that is becoming the standard approach to accounting, control, and measurement. These principles, practices, and tools of lean accounting have been implemented in a wide range of companies at various stages on the journey to lean transformation. These methods can be readily adjusted to meet your companys specific needs and they rigorously maintain adherence to GAAP and external reporting requirements and regulations. Lean accounting is itself lean, low-waste, and visual, and frees up finance and accounting peoples time so they can become actively involved in lean change instead of being merely bean counters. Companies using lean accounting have better information for decision-making, have simple and timely reports that are clearly understood by everyone in the company, they understand the true financial impact of lean changes, they focus the business around the value created for the customers, and lean accounting actively drives the lean transformation. This helps the company to grow, to add more value for the customers, and to increase cash flow and value for the stockholders and owners (Maskell and Baggaley, p 43). Works Cited Asefeso, Ade. Lean Accounting, Second Edition. AA Global Sourcing Ltd, 2014. p 9, p10 and p12. Key Lean Manufacturing Principles. www.lean-manufacturing-junction.com. Accessed February 25, 2017. Maskell, Brian H. and Baggaley, Bruce L. Lean Accounting: Whats It All About?. Target Magazine. Association for Manufacturing Excellence, 2006. p 43. www.aicpa.org. Accessed February 25, 2017. The Problems of Cost Accounting with Lean. www.allaboutlean.com. Accessed February 27, 2017. What is Lean?. www.lean.org. Accessed February 25, 2017. Woods, Dan. Lean Accountings Fat Problem. Published July 28, 2009. www.forbes.com. Accessed March 1, 2017. Wright, Tiffany C. The Disadvantages of Lean Accounting. www.smallbusiness.chron.com. Accessed March 1, 2017.
Sunday, October 13, 2019
The Power of Machiavelli’s The Prince :: Machiavelli The Prince Essays
The Power of Machiavelli’s The Prince   Nowadays, it is politically impossible to commit to paper a â€Å"training guide†for leaders. There are innumerable detractors to any possible stance or strategy a leader might adopt. As a result of this, all â€Å"training†must take place behind closed doors, far from the prying eyes and ears of the news media or the public. But this has not always been the case. Niccolà ² Machiavelli was brave enough to give the leaders of his day a how-to guide. In this work, The Qualities of a Prince, we are given a point-by-point description of what a leader should do to effectively lead his country. Machiavelli explains that, because leadership is (obviously) a position of command, â€Å"[war] is the only profession which benefits one who commands. † (p. 33) He goes on to say that, in order to ensure peace, a leader must always be ready for war. He cites a multitude of past, present and even fictitious examples of military leaders who lead peaceful countries. He was writing, however, for the leaders of a heavily taxed, war torn area. His Italy was under constant attack from both French and Spanish soldiers, and at the same time under attack from the inside (the Medici family, Italy's current ruling family) by high taxes that funded the wars. His Qualities is considered by some to be the best manual for pulling a country out of a bad situation much like the one Italy was in. This work was not necessarily meant for a country that is already at peace. The ruthlessness of the leader described in Qualities would almost surely cause dissent among the people of the peaceful country.                    Machiavelli chose many important points to bring up in his discussion on the necessity of military prowess. A leader must â€Å"†¦learn the nature of the terrain†(p. 36) that he is meant to protect. Machiavelli probably discusses this because the Medicis were not aware of the advantage that the French and Spanish were gaining by conquering the northern, mountainous regions of Italy. Militarily, higher ground is a much sought after advantage. The leaders of the land could in no way get to know land that was no longer their own, and so, could no longer see the advantages or disadvantages of the land. What they must now do, is gain all knowledge of the land left to them, so as not to loose it.
Friday, October 11, 2019
french politics :: essays research papers
Louis was dignified and imposing with charming manners, but he was also hard working, patient and self-disciplined with an iron physical constitution. He maintained a strict routine of official business, every day. Short of height, he was of modest intelligence (not much helped by his upbringing undertaken largely by his servants) and lacking of a sense of humor. Possessed of a colossal pride, he loved grandeur, glory, military reviews and petty details (uniforms, equipment, drill). Louis was the epitome of the absolute monarch and embodied the idea of divine right monarchy. As God's representative on earth, he felt that he was due respect and that his word was law; he was responsible to God alone. As an absolute monarch, Louis XIV wielded unlimited authority with all decisions made by him; however, it was not despotism nor arbitrary power, as kings still had to justify their actions to churchmen, entrepreneurs and nobles. Having taken the reigns of government, Louis now had to contend with the nobility, church, bureaucracy and the rest of Europe to achieve his idea of France. The chief opposition to the central monarchy was the French, feudal nobility. The king continued the process of destroying the nobility as a class by increasing the use of commoners to run the state and by establishing Versailles as a seventeenth-century "Disneyland" to keep the nobility occupied with non-political amusements after the court moved there in 6 May 1682. To solidify support from the church, Louis acted in a highly favorable manner. In 1685, the L'Edit de Fountainbleau revoked the Edict of Nantes, and Huguenots, forbidden to practice, left France in droves. On one hand, this created religious unity within France and secured the friendship of the church, but, on the other hand, it aroused the implacable hatred of Protestant states and deprived France of some of its most industrious citizens. To create a more responsive and effective bureaucracy, Louis instituted new administrative methods to strengthen his control. Weekly ministerial conferences Continuity in the top four ministries (finance, army, navy, public works), only sixteen ministers in fifty-four years of his personal reign Ministers chosen by ability not birth Intendants continued to rule the 36 generalità ©s (provinces)--but they never served where they were born Financial reform of taxes Colbert, as controller general, worked to improve the French economy through a policy called mercantilism--state intervention to create a self-sustaining economy. Colbert used an aggressive tariff policy to manipulate the import of raw materials and the export of manufactured goods to improve the balance of payments. french politics :: essays research papers Louis was dignified and imposing with charming manners, but he was also hard working, patient and self-disciplined with an iron physical constitution. He maintained a strict routine of official business, every day. Short of height, he was of modest intelligence (not much helped by his upbringing undertaken largely by his servants) and lacking of a sense of humor. Possessed of a colossal pride, he loved grandeur, glory, military reviews and petty details (uniforms, equipment, drill). Louis was the epitome of the absolute monarch and embodied the idea of divine right monarchy. As God's representative on earth, he felt that he was due respect and that his word was law; he was responsible to God alone. As an absolute monarch, Louis XIV wielded unlimited authority with all decisions made by him; however, it was not despotism nor arbitrary power, as kings still had to justify their actions to churchmen, entrepreneurs and nobles. Having taken the reigns of government, Louis now had to contend with the nobility, church, bureaucracy and the rest of Europe to achieve his idea of France. The chief opposition to the central monarchy was the French, feudal nobility. The king continued the process of destroying the nobility as a class by increasing the use of commoners to run the state and by establishing Versailles as a seventeenth-century "Disneyland" to keep the nobility occupied with non-political amusements after the court moved there in 6 May 1682. To solidify support from the church, Louis acted in a highly favorable manner. In 1685, the L'Edit de Fountainbleau revoked the Edict of Nantes, and Huguenots, forbidden to practice, left France in droves. On one hand, this created religious unity within France and secured the friendship of the church, but, on the other hand, it aroused the implacable hatred of Protestant states and deprived France of some of its most industrious citizens. To create a more responsive and effective bureaucracy, Louis instituted new administrative methods to strengthen his control. Weekly ministerial conferences Continuity in the top four ministries (finance, army, navy, public works), only sixteen ministers in fifty-four years of his personal reign Ministers chosen by ability not birth Intendants continued to rule the 36 generalità ©s (provinces)--but they never served where they were born Financial reform of taxes Colbert, as controller general, worked to improve the French economy through a policy called mercantilism--state intervention to create a self-sustaining economy. Colbert used an aggressive tariff policy to manipulate the import of raw materials and the export of manufactured goods to improve the balance of payments.
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