Trance Dance of the San

Daze Dance of the San The daze move, which is as yet polished by San people group in the Kalahari locale, is an indigenous custom by which a condition of modified awareness is accomplished through musical moving and hyperventilation. It is utilized for mending disorder in people and recuperating contrary parts of the network in general. The daze move encounters of San shaman are accepted to be recorded by southern African stone workmanship.  San Healing Trance Dances The San individuals of Botswana and Namibia were earlier known as Bushmen. They are slid from the absolute most established enduring ancestries of current people. Their conventions and lifestyle might be safeguarded from antiquated occasions. Today, many have been uprooted from their local terrains for the sake of protection, and they might be not able to rehearse their conventional agrarian way of life. The daze move is a recuperating move for people and the network all in all. It is their most noticeable strict work on, as per a few sources. It can take a few structures. Numerous grown-ups, the two men, and ladies become healers in San people group. In one structure, the ladies of the network lounge around the fire and applaud and sing musically while the healers move. They sing medication melodies that they gain from their childhood. The custom proceeds with throughout the night. The healers move in contradiction to the cadence in single record. They may wear clatters connected to their legs. They move themselves into a changed state, which regularly incorporates feeling a lot of torment. They may shout in torment during the move. After entering the modified cognizance through the move, the shamans feel recuperating vitality stir in them, and they are mindful so as to channel it to the individuals who need mending. They do this by contacting the individuals who have ailment, once in a while by and large on their middle, yet in addition on body parts that are influenced by the sickness. This can appear as the healer drawing the ailment out of the individual and afterward shouting to launch it into the air. The daze move can likewise be utilized to draw away network ills, for example, outrage and debates. In different varieties, drums might be utilized and contributions might be swung from close by trees. San Rock Art and the Trance Dance The daze move and recuperating customs are accepted to be delineated in artistic creations and carvings in caverns and rock covers in South Africa and Botswana. Some stone workmanship shows ladies applauding and individuals moving as in the stupor move custom. They are additionally accepted to portray downpour moves, which likewise included stupor moving, catching a downpour move creature, execute it in the daze state and in this manner draw in downpour. San rock craftsmanship frequently delineates Eland bulls, which is an image of restoring and the stupor move as per Thomas Dowson in  â€Å"Reading Art, Writing History: Rock Art and Social Change in Southern Africa.† The workmanship additionally shows half and halves of people and creatures, which might be portrayals of healers in the daze move.

Cousin free essay sample

The tears cover my face. I attempt to wipe them away however they continue streaming. â€Å"Are you serious?† I said. I tossed a seat over the room as tears dribbled down my cheeks. It was the most exceedingly terrible call of my life. It wasn’t a sweetheart who calls to clarify the show at school; it wasn’t grandmother informing you concerning the days of yore, in light of the fact that she’s got jolts free. The call was from my mother. She sounded more troubled than a lamenting spouse. â€Å"Chris I have something to tell you.† â€Å"Mom what is happening? For what reason do you sound like your crying?† â€Å"Chris†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Yeah?† â€Å"I’m sorry, yet Bob has been shot.† Bob is my cousin. His original name is Robert Remmel. He is a sergeant in the U.S. Armed force. He is my closest companion. My first idea was that my closest companion has quite recently been slaughtered while serving his nation in Afghanist an. We will compose a custom paper test on Cousin or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I’m simply dreaming. It’s only a fantasy. My body shook as tears step by step floated down my face. This was not a fantasy. The news transformed me. On the off chance that my cousin could get shot when he is 20-years of age, what is he passing up, what hasn’t he finished with his life? What have I not finished with my life? Would it be a good idea for me to begin my fantasies, on the off chance that this may transpire? Indeed. Bounce didn't bite the dust. He experienced different painful medical procedures, and is doing fine. What befell him transformed me. Weave is presently situated in Italy, on his third arrangement. I consider him consistently, and trust the good luck for him.

MPH522 - Public Health Law and Policy, Mod 2 Case Assignment Essay

MPH522 - Public Health Law and Policy, Mod 2 Case Assignment - Essay Example More than 66% of the old live autonomously in a family setting. Twenty-seven percent live in changed yet not institutional setting, including senior residents lodging, bunch homes, and lofts, or with relatives. Older people will regularly attempt to keep their homes in spite of the physical or monetary troubles in doing as such. A house is something other than a physical haven; it speaks to autonomy and security to most. For some old individuals, keeping the family home is certifiably not a reasonable choice for a few reasons. Nonetheless, some older stay in their homes and decline to surrender them and they end up confronting a few difficulties, for example, everyday costs, interminable or intense ailments, social detachment and constrained portability. The majority of the older end up living on a fixed salary in this manner ignoring their ways of life, for example, eating well and looking for clinical consideration. This is one of the regions that needs more consideration for general wellbeing approach. It has been acknowledged that these older individuals should leave their homes and go to nursing homes to the detriment of Medicare and Medicaid (Fielding, Marks, Myers, 2002). This is the exact opposite thing they need and Public Health arrangement ought to be created making them progressively ready to remain in their homes until they pass on. It is difficult to envision that it isn't less expensiv e and more advantageous, just as better quality consideration for them to be in their own homes. Another issue is crisis readiness. The vast majority think the administration implies for them to have two or three jugs of water and some dried nourishments accessible in the event that the lights go out. There ought to be some more noteworthy open approaches on what ought to be readied and for whom and how much for what measured family. The open will never comprehend this completely if there isn't better instruction and mediations alongside strategy to support them. This could have a colossal effect if there is another serious debacle

The Killer Angels Essays (1374 words) - , Term Papers

The Killer Angels Wars have been battled for a wide range of reasons as the years progressed, and that remains constant for the American Civil War (1861-1865). In Michael Shaara's Pulitzer Prize winning novel, The Killer Angels, the explanations behind battling the war are achieved through the officials and warriors at a renowned fight site of the Civil War, Gettysburg. Gettysburg was one of the most archived clashes of the entire war. It occurred over a range of three days and can be seen as a defining moment from Confederate noticeable quality to Confederate destruction. As in any contention, there are different sides to the story. The Union and the Confederacy each had their own perspectives with respect to why they were battling the war. Victors compose the history so over and over again just the Union side is introduced. In the book we are given some of both veiwpoints. The promulgation pitch the Union gave was they were battling to free the slaves. This was false! It was said Southerners were battling to protect servitude. This is additionally a bogus proclamation. Generally under 6% of all Southerners possessed slaves. Actually, there were a generous measure of officers in the Union armed force that possessed slaves themselves. Likewise the constitution ensured subjugation. On the off chance that the genuine issue was to keep up servitude the South would not have withdrawn. The most evident fantasy is that the ?acceptable? North walked into the coldblooded and malevolence South for the sole reason for liberating the slaves. There are numerous statements from Northern pioneers that show plainly that the principle reason for the North was not the destruction of servitude, yet enslavement of the southern individuals. Servitude was utilized to energize the Northern populace behind Abraham Lincoln's war. It was an intense subject matter, sure a few Yan kees joined and battled to ?set men free?, however most were there to safeguard the association. Protecting the Union implied stepping on the Southern individuals and keeping them as a duty base to take care of Northern industrialists. A fascinating clash of Northern ethics is found. The North is depicted as needing to liberate dark men, yet they rehearsed monetary bondage on the Southern states. The Civil War was extremely more politically complex with respect to Abraham Lincoln and his Republican gathering's activities. The South battled this war as the Second American Revolution. The reason for the South was compared to that of their progenitors who had battled and won their opportunity from Great Britain under 100 years sooner. On the off chance that it was a war to liberate men, it was the Southern homestead kid that needed his opportunities ensured under the first constitution. The Northern states' lawmakers were forcefully endeavoring to execute a monarchial type of government, which was decisively what the early pioneers had battled against in the American Revolution. The Northern states were exploiting their boss numbers in the central government and were utilizing their favorable position to actualize unjustifiable taxes against the South. Colossal measures of cash were taken from the South and piped into the Northern states. The majority of the income taken from the Southern states was utilized to run government programs. This achieved the contention of ?State's Rights? what's more, a more vulnerable focal government by the South. The primary driver of the war was Lincoln's dismissal of the privilege to quiet withdrawal of the eleven sovereign states and in this manner the refusal of self-government to the almost 8 million individuals living in those states. The Federal government required the salary from the South so they were constrained into battling to spare the expense originating from the South. Without speaking with Congress, Lincoln sent incredible multitudes of decimation toward the South. The Southern individuals had no real option except to protect themselves from this intrusion. The South battled, basically, for their freedom, as the United States government of the Northern states would not permit the South to leave calmly. The men of the South didn't battle to win their opportunity, they battled to keep it! To cite from the Declaration of Independence: ?... that at whatever point any type of government gets dangerous of these closures, it is the privilege of the People to change or abrogate it, and to initiate new Government, establishing its framework

Human Resource Planning Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Resource Planning - Article Example Human Resource Planning Human Resource Departments ought to be especially mindful in securing their workers. Other media organizations, for example, New York Times back the explanation that, insurance agencies utilize confounding and specialized terms in building up contracts with the Human Resource Departments. The Human Resource Management and Services, treasury, and work divisions lead in these complaints. This is on the grounds that insurance agencies bomb in their obligation along these lines calling for worry all through an organization. The article likewise talks about issues with respect to misuse of workers by bosses. In many associations, the administration powers the representatives to work additional hours to fulfill the predominant need, yet close by get nothing. There is an accentuation on the standard premise of bookkeeping corresponding to additional time, and other after some time stipends. From the article, it is clear that Human Resource Planning is expanding its worth every day. Mindfulness ought to be made to instruct workers on their privileges. A notice is pivotal as it will help in managing workers in various fields, for example, protection, among others. This is on the grounds that arranging is a key determiner of development and improvement in an association. It is anything but difficult to distiguish the parts of HRP; it improves the significance of arranging in Human Resource Management.

The English civil war in Henry V - Free Essay Example

William Shakespeare often used historical settings in his plays even though the stories themselves may have been exaggerated or written with a great amount of artistic license. In Henry V, the English civil war has ravaged Britain and Henry V has ascended the throne. The main issue with new king is that he has a history of being childish and immature, spending lots of time drinking in taverns and finding friends who were thieves. Upon ascending the throne, Henry suddenly changes his ways and comes to his senses. The Archbishop of Canterbury, in the opening scene of the play, tells of this: â€Å"The courses of his youth promised it not. The breath no sooner left his father’s body but that his wildness, mortified in him, seemed to die too. Yea, at that very moment consideration like an angel came and whipped the offending Adam out of him, leaving his body as a paradise t envelop and contain celestial spirits†¦.never came reformation in a flood with such a heady currency scouring faults†¦.† From this, one can see that the change in Henry was sudden and unexpected. Because Shakespeare often fantasizes the protagonists in his work, the question from this follows; is the character change that Henry underwent realistic, and if so, is he a good man? Firstly, it should be established what exactly is meant by â€Å"realistic†. Realistic means that the change in the character is actually appropriate given the circumstances of the story. For instance, in the story of Ivanhoe, Ivanhoe is a Catholic during the 12th century, which was a time of great anti-semitism. He loves another Catholic woman named Rowena, but is injured in a joust and taken under the care of a young Jewish women named Rebecca. In the end, Ivanhoe married Rowena, even though he respected Rebecca and admired her beauty as well. However, if Ivanhoe had made complete turnaround and married Rebecca, it would have been out of place in the story. The author makes a point of the division between the Jews and Catholics of the time, and to suddenly have Ivanhoe marry a Jewish women would undercut that emphasis. So a â€Å"realistic† change is one that makes sense given the circumstances of the story or situation.Good. The character of Henry V is first introduced in the play Henry IV as Prince Hal of Wales. From the earliest onset of the story, Prince Hal is described as a rebellious youth. In fact, Hal is introduced for the first time while he plots a highway robbery. The next time Henry is introduced, he is found drinking in a seedy tavern. His friend Poins asks where he has been, to which Hal replies: â€Å"With three or four knuckleheads and a few dozen kegs of liquor. I’ve been with the lowest of the low†. However, an interesting twist in his character comes when he admits in a monologue which he is addressing to his friends who have just left the room that his recklessness is really an act: â€Å"I know you all, and will awhile uphold the unyoked humour of your idleness. Yet herein will I imitate the sun, who doth permit the base contagious clouds to smother up his beauty from the world†¦. So, when this loose behaviour I throw off, and pay the debt I never promisà ¨d, By how much better than my word I am, by so much shall I falsify men’s hopes; and like bright metal on a sullen ground, my reformation, glitt’ring o’er my fault†¦.. Essentially, Henry is saying that he is pretending to be reckless and immature in order that, when the time comes, he can show who he really is and prove that he would serve as a good king. He chooses this method because he feels that people will be more apt to accept him if they see his moral change as opposed to hearing it from his own mouth. In the time approaching Henry IV’s death, Hal stays out of the public eye. In fact, he isnt mentioned in the second part of Henry IV for a while. When he does finally show up, King Henry is finally approaching his death and Hal is preparing to ascend the throne. He seems to have stopped his old hijinks- theres no mention of him drinking or being mischievous. Henry though doesnt seem to notice this, as Hal still spends time around his old bad influences like Falstaff. Even though the king can’t tell, Hals friends assure him that when the time comes Hal will be ready. Eventually, Hal reconciles with his father before he dies. Then having become King Henry V, decides to finally shed his bad past by publicly disowning Falstaff and his companions when they come to visit him after he has just been crowned. When they get on hands and knees before the King, Henry gives them a scalding refusal (specifically Falstaff): â€Å"I know thee not, old man. Fall to thy prayers. How ill white hairs become a fool and jester.Presume not that I am the thing I was, For God doth know—so shall the world perceive—That I have turned away my former self. So will I those that kept me company. When thou dost hear I am as I have been, approach me, and thou shalt be as thou wast, the tutor and the feeder of my riots. Till then I banish thee, on pain of death, as I have done the rest of my misleaders, not to come near our person by ten mile†¦.and, as we hear you do reform yourselves, We will, according to your strengths and qualities, give you advancement†¦.† Henry is banishing them publicly for their crimes but tells them that if they reform, they may be able to come back. By this act, Henry demonstrates that he has finally shed his past completely and is ready to take on his responsibilities as King. In Henry V, Henry’s character change comes to the forefront as his duties as King become a big part of the story. In the very beginning of the play, he is insulted by the Dauphin of France, who mocks Henry for laying claim to parts of France on account of his youth and reckless past. In response, Henry invades France to take what he has claimed by force. The English army is small in comparison to the French and as time wears on, they grow weary. Henry cares about his people, so one day he dresses as a commoner and walks among the men to see what the spirit of the army is. After he has listened to them for a while, he proceeds to reveal in a long monologue his inner feelings. He explains that he wishes to have the sleep of a slave, in other words, that he wishes that he could sleep as soundly as common man and not worry about the weight of the lives of his men bearing on him as the King: â€Å"Tis not the balm, the sceptre, and the ball, The sword, the mace, the crown imperial, The intertissued robe of gold and pearl, The farcà ¨d title running for the king, The throne he sits on, nor the tide of pomp, That beats upon the high shore of this world— No, not all these, thrice-gorgeous ceremony, Not all these, laid in bed majestical, Can sleep so soundly as the wretched slave Who with a body filled and vacant mind Gets him to rest, crammed with distressful bread†¦.† So, based on all of the above, is the character change in Henry realistic? It is indeed. This is because in order for the story itself to make sense, it has to happen. What if Henry had just stayed a youthful, immature, reckless man and then not changed when he ascended the throne. Would he have been the great leader that was needed for unity in England at that time? Would his men still have been as loyal to and had as much respect for him? Would his people have trusted him? The circumstances of the story necessitate that Henry have a change of character because without it, the story can’t hold together. Now having answered that question, does Henry’s change make him a good man? A good man is someone who does the right thing even when it’s hard. Henry certainly fits that category. In some ways, he probably found his old life of drinking and partying to be fun and more enjoyable than the duties of kingship, but when the time came, he still chose to leave that behind him. More difficult still was abandoning his former friends, banishing them publicly and in one case, even sentencing one to death. Surely that act was the hardest of all, but Henry still chose to do it. From the above evidence, one can conclude that Henry’s change was realistic and that he was a good man because of it. The loyalty he drew from his men was astounding, rallying them to defeat the French even though they were severely outnumbered. Most importantly, he gained the respect of his people, and as a result, he was a successful king and one of Shakespeares greatest characters.

Criminal Justice Data Quality - Free Essay Example

Research study has been done on prosecution of child sexual abuse cases from the past few decades. In today’s paper, this research has been studied and provided facts, methods and conclusion with the help of five articles. A meta-analysis of rates of Criminal Justice Decisions. Using coplink to analyze Criminal-Justice Data. Risk-appraisal versus self-report in the prediction of Criminal Justice outcomes: A meta-analysis Prosecution rate and quality of the investigative interview in child sexual abuse cases. Factors associated with delays of days to decades to criminal prosecutions of Child Sexual Abuse. Introduction and Observations: From the first article, it is evident that this study meta-analyzed rates of criminal justice decisions in 21 studies of prosecution of child abuse. Rates of referral to prosecution, filing charges, and incarceration varied considerably. Compared to national data, child abuse was less likely to lead to filing charges and incarceration than most other felonies but more likely to be carried forward without dismissal. Thus, prosecuting child abuse is generally neither feckless nor reckless. Rates can be misleading and cannot be the sole measure of prosecution success. From the second article, the Coplink project, which unites the technical expertise of the University of Arizona’s Artificial Intelligence Lab with the Tucson Police Department’s law enforcement domain knowledge. Coplink serves the community by bridging the gap between conducting research in cutting-edge technologies and solving real-world problems such as helping police officers fight crime. The Coplink project attacks several problems existing in many law enforcement agencies by developing a model integrated system that lets law officers’ access and share information with other agencies. Coplink has the additional goal of developing consistent, intuitive, and easy-to-use interfaces and applications that support specific and often complex law enforcement functions and tasks. From the third article, it has been observed that the risk-appraisal and self-report procedures are divergent methods of data collection, with risk-appraisal procedures relying in part or in whole on historical, chart, and non-self-report information and self-report measures relying exclusively on self-report data. The risk-appraisal/self-report differentiation should not be confused with actuarial and clinical methods of prediction, as both risk-appraisal and self-report methods of data collection can be entered into actuarial decision models or treated clinically. The five risk-appraisal procedures which will be used to for a meta-analysis are: Historical-Clinical-Risk Scales (HCR–20), Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form (LCSF), Level of Service-Inventory (LSI), Psychopathy Checklist (PCL), Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG). more self-report measures will also be included, such as BDHI, etc. From the fourth and fifth article, a brief analysis about the prosecution rate in child sexual abuse cases. From the study, it has been examined that the reason for the low prosecution rate in child sexual abuse cases is the poor quality of the interviews conducted by the interviewers. The relationship between interview quality and prosecution rate has been clearly examined in this research. Interviews with the older children has been of good quality on one hand and when it comes to interviews with young children has been of poor quality on the other hand. There are various reasons behind this poor quality. Analysis: Most of the child sexual abuse cases resulted in many psychological problems especially in younger children. Child sexual abuse can always affect children by causing trauma on the child and resulting in cascading effects in terms of social, sexual, physical and mental problems. This research has been conducted in Sweden and Canada and it has been found that the number of child rape cases have been rapidly increased up to 450% from the year 1987 to 2003. There has been tremendous increase in small abuse cases like sexual harassment about 200% in the same time period. Based on the increasing knowledge of parents and social media effects, people are coming forward and registering cases. These cases have been taken seriously and the convicts who got imprisonment have been increased from 73 to 145 in the same time period. It has been observed that the rate of reporting is higher than the conviction numbers. There are many reasons behind these figures. One of the main reasons for this low-quality prosecution rate is there is no evidence except the child’s statement. There are statements against this saying that due to advanced medical examinations, the convicts can be easily given imprisonment which will be a big evidence to the justice. Justice has been facing problems with the cases of preschoolers than the teenagers. Hence, interviewer has a challenger when interviewing them which results in a bad quality. In Canada, a maximum of 55% CSA cases were filed in the year 2012 and it has been observed that most of the victims are under age 18. These cases have been becoming a challenge to criminal courts not only in Canada but also in most of the American states, Australia, UK, Europe. Below are only the published CSA cases in Canada from 1986 to 2012. There has been increase in the percentage of cases between the years 1991 and 1998. A substantial decrease can be seen in the years 2000 and 2002. Factors associated with delays to Criminal Prosecutions of CSA: There have been a lot of changes in the criminal justice in the past 30 years and there are few factors which are related with the delays in prosecutions of CSA cases. Judicial warnings are no longer mandatory in most jurisdictions. To lessen the trauma of testifying, courtroom modifications are in the form of testimonial supports but they are fully in progress. An attitude that children’s evidence is inherently unreliable. Knowledge of terrifying forensic system is very low in children which always plays an important role in evidence. Methods: In contrast to a traditional literature review, a meta-analysis statistically combines results in an objective manner to summarize and synthesize selected empirical studies (Cooper Hedges, 1994; Lipsey Wilson, 2001). In addition, meta-analysis provides a foundation for future research by identifying what is and what is not known about a particular topic. Rates were calculated for the following decision points in the prosecution of child abuse: referral, filing criminal charges, diversion, carrying cases forward (versus dismissing them), guilty plea, trial, conviction, and incarceration. Comparison data were gathered from 12 national studies of prosecution in urban areas conducted for the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) 328 TRAUMA, VIOLENCE, ABUSE / October 2003 from 1977 to 1998. Crime analysts and detectives create knowledge from information daily by analyzing and generalizing current criminal records. In general, building a domain-specific concept space (CS) involves three main steps. First, to locate the sources from which they will derive terms or concepts, developers must identify document collections in a specific subject domain. Second, the terms must be filtered and indexed. At last, a co-occurrence analysis captures the relationships among indexed terms. Data for this meta-analysis were identified in a computerized search of the PsycINFO, National Criminal Justice Reference Service, and Cambridge Scientific Criminal Justice Abstracts databases, followed by several expert opinions. Effect sizes were point-biserial correlations computed between a continuous risk-appraisal or self-report predictor and a dichotomous outcome. Individual Z scores were calculated for each effect size. They carried a research by observing 18 video-taped interviews with children which were provided by the officers. After going through every interview of each child, they finally categorized their analysis in 12 aspects along with the interrater reliabilities which is intraclass correlation with a scale rate of 1 to 5. Table 1. Twelve aspects used to analyze the interviews and the intraclass correlations Aspects of the interview Intraclass correlation The extent to which the interviewer establishes ground rules (i.e. Do you know the difference between telling the truth and a lie? Explaining that it is ok to answer I don’t know; Explaining why the same question may be asked several times) 0.87 The extent to which the interviewer builds rapport with the child 0.65 The extent to which the interviewer use closed-end or open-ended questions (1=only closed end; 5=only open ended) 0.60 The extent to which the interviewer allows the child to tell the story without interrupting 0.73 The extent to which the child seems tormented during the interview 0.92 The extent to which the child verbalizes negative emotions during the abuse 0.92 The extent to which the interview consists of short questions and long answers 0.76 The general quality of the interview (1=very bad; 5=very good) 0.68 The extent to which the interviewer allows the child practice free recall? * 0.00 The extent to which the interviewer encourages the child to tell everything about the abuse†  0.49 The extent to which the interviewer helps the child to report details about one specific event of abuse (when frequent abuse) †  0.45 The extent to which the interviewer uses techniques from the Cognitive Interview* 1.00 The last four aspects were excluded from further analyses. *Aspect was excluded because of no variance. Aspect was excluded because of to low intraclass correlation. Conclusion From the articles, it can be concluded that for the child abuse studies, the Q statistic was statistically significant at p Coplink CS has been successfully deployed at the Tucson Police Department, where crime analysts, officers, detectives, and sergeants from 16 departmental units use the technology voluntarily as part of their daily investigative routine. This cross-section comprises approximately 30 to 40 percent of TPD’s investigative units and includes 90 percent of the crime analysts. Investigative units include adult and child sexual assault, aggravated assault, auto theft, elder abuse, community office, fraud, gangs, homicide, undercover, neighborhood crimes, night detectives, patrol, robbery, and warrants. Although risk-appraisal procedures displayed an advantage over self-report measures in recidivism prediction, the two methods produced comparable results when the meta-analysis was restricted to investigations using content-relevant self-report predictors. Incremental validity analysis of 72 risk-appraisal/self-report contrasts revealed that both sets of measures accounted for criminal justice outcomes beyond the variance attributable to the alternate method.

Chapter Summaries An Overview - 2011 Words

Chapter: 1- Introduction: An overview. Sovereignty. All of us hear this word so many times in a day, we have read in our text books when we were school going kids. And at this point of time also, we come across with this word in our daily life in newspapers, books, review of some act by a newspaper or by somebody’s mouth who is giving some lecture on government specially. Now the question that arises is that what does one actually mean by sovereignty? Why do they say that sovereignty is an essential element for a state? Why can’t we separate sovereignty from a state? As given by Grotius â€Å"Sovereignty is the supreme political power vested in him whose acts are not subject to any other and whose will cannot be over-ridden† . Greeks are considered to be first ones’ who realized that there is something like sovereignty existed, may be not exactly as we see it today, but they were never aware of this term ‘sovereignty’, the father of political science Aristotle used a term ‘supreme power’ but in a different sense. Sovereignty is a concept of modern political theory. Earlier, this term was souverainete, derived from Latin and then French, was given by Bodin in his Six Books on the Republic (1576) and then the word in its English equivalent was came to be known as ‘sovereignty’. In the words of Bodin â€Å"sovereignty is the supreme power of the state over citizens and subjects unrestrained by law† . In spite of being the supreme power of the state, sovereignty isShow MoreRelatedproject manajment1121 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿2-15-99 Project Management: The Managerial Process COMPREHENSIVE TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE CHAPTER 1 Modern Project Management What is a project? 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Research Philosophy/Paradigms: To carry out the research, it goes through different process like research philosophy, research design, research approach as shown in fig 1:1 Research Onion Read MoreInflation and Currency Risk644 Words   |  3 PagesChapter 1: Research Overview 1.1 Background of the Study Inflation and currency risk is the possibility that the value of assets or income will decrease as inflation shrinks the purchasing power of a currency. Inflation causes money to decrease in value at some rate, and does so whether the money is invested or not. Malaysia is part of the worldwide emerging market where the country aims to achieve the status of a developed country by the year 2020, however, the increase in inflation and currencyRead MoreThe Effects Of Data Leakage On Individuals And Organisations1210 Words   |  5 Pagesfindings suggest that use of internet, mobile devices and activities of insiders are the biggest contributing factors (Schneider 2012, Symantec 2014, Sirbhate 2013, Huth et al. 2013, Zimski 2011). Consequently, this dissertation aims to provide an overview of data leakage and management security approaches namely designated DLP (data leakage prevention) systems, intelligent security measure, access control and standard security measures (Phua 2009). Additionally, evaluate usability issues in dataRead MoreInternship Assignment : Internship For Deaf Education Teachers795 Words   |  4 Pagesdue on September 6th, requires the DHH intern to submit a one-page summary including due dates of all the assignments required by the course, EDSP 5093: Internship for Deaf Education Teachers Part 1 (Fall 2016). The intern is also required to ask clarifying questions about Assignment 1 (or simply indicate â€Å"I have no questions,† otherwise) and to develop an assignment calendar, which will be completed and due with the internship summary at the end of the Fall Semester. Assignment 2, due on SeptemberRead MoreInformation technology for managers1289 Words   |  6 PagesCONTENTS Preface Chapter 1 xii Managers: Key to Information Technology Results 1 Belarusbank JSSB Why Managers Must Get Involved in Information Technology (IT) Why Managers Must Understand IT What Is Information Technology? Function IT Network IT Enterprise IT The Role of Managers Vis-À-Vis IT Identifying Appropriate IT Opportunities Smooth Introduction and Adoption of IT Ensuring that IT Risks Are Mitigated What if Managers Do Not Participate in IT? Overview of Remaining Text

Adolescent Pregnancy And How It Has Changed Society

Teen pregnancy and how it has become so common in our society is a difficult topic to dissect. It is a concerning issue which is faced with plenty of controversy and criticism from various groups that make up our society. To understand the ever evolving complexity in this matter, one must educate themselves on how the roles of women and men have changed in our society over many decades, if not centuries. There are many areas to investigate about adolescent pregnancy and how it has developed into a global issue. Adolescent pregnancy has challenged this nation for many years. This study will examine how this issue creates complications that severely impacts various aspects of our society and to also understand that our society has†¦show more content†¦As a bi-product of this social gap, these changes cause groups of poverty to develop, where education is not valued as high or encouraged to children living in less than average conditions. Those who find themselves ready for pos t-secondary education are faced with the financial challenges which again keeps the youth held back, not being able to plan effectively. Generations raised in these environments have unstable family foundations that give neglect towards child growing up in this atmosphere and these are the children that grow up into adolescents who are unfortunately likely to be misguided and ill-advised about life. The high demands of the economy have kept the younger population more dependent on parents for a much longer period of time than in the past (Elliott, S. 2010), and as a result this has left groups with no access to viable economic opportunities that allows them to effectively prepare for their future. The increase in age for women getting married is directly related to the changing roles that women are playing in our society. For the first time in recent history, the Canadian government has seen an equal split of male and female bodies in the House of Commons. This is a clear representation of an increase in success in their careers, however, women who are dedicated to a demanding role in society can face many challenges in maintaining balance within their household and also raising a family. As a result, less women are getting married toShow MoreRelatedPregnancy in Our Youth: What Gives?755 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the past fifty years, the rate of teenagers and adolescents becoming pregnant has increased dramatically. It was believed during the time of previous generations that if you were to become pregnant, you were not fit to finish school to take care of the child. If it was even attempted to finish school, most girls would drop out anyway due to the shame set upon their peers. Now, in 2013, it is not uncommon to see a fourteen or fifteen year old who is expecting a child. We have televisionRead MoreSex Education, Why Should We Care?1310 Words   |  6 PagesSex Education, Why Should We Care? It is incredible how the mere knowledge of something that is considered taboo by many can change someone ´s life. In his Health Education Research, Professor Lawrence St. Leger states that there seems to be a growing consensus claiming that schools can play an important role teaching the youth make informed decisions and help them shape a healthy lifestyle. That is why high schools are considered as the best environment to implement sex education programs withinRead MoreThe Negative Stigma Of Sex1404 Words   |  6 Pagesthe past hundred years everything in our society has changed; cars, cell phones, the internet, and education, but one topic still has not changed, the way younger generations learn about sex. The United States rates 14th out of 40 countries in education. But ranks 2nd out of 14 in ignorance about social issues (Rice, 2015 ). This is a hard concept to grasp considering America is â€Å"suppose† to be the world leader. If America’s education is in the 35% tile how can Americans be so ignorant? This is becauseRead MoreResearch on Teen Pregnancy in Los Angeles County1223 Words   |  5 PagesTeen Pregnancy in Los Angeles There is presently much controversy regarding teen pregnancy, considering that many countries in the developed world experience a rise in adolescent pregnancies in spite of the fact that effective programs are installed in these areas. Teen pregnancy has been a major issue in Los Angeles in the recent years, but the fact that state authorities have been actively involved in combating the problem has generated positive results. It is probable that the struggle for abstinenceRead MoreAchieving A Successful Teenage Mothers1229 Words   |  5 PagesMothers Mothers Who Graduate High School Adolescent mothers who graduated high school had significant amount of support from an adult whom they confided in. This adult supported them through pregnancy, the transition to motherhood, and in an academic setting. The adult could be a parent, a friend, a counselor, or a teacher. The support they received from the adult would allow for them to finish high school and get a high school degree. Thus, adolescent mothers would pursue their educational attainmentRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Legal?987 Words   |  4 PagesEveryone has their own way of rising children. This sometimes causes problems while deciding on what children should learn in school. While some schools cater to religion being taught the same thing is not set in place for sex education. Many believe that sex education is vital in today’s world. Meanwhile others feel that the sex talk should be left up to the parents. With pregnancy rates going up and adolescents getting pregnant younger soon there will no t be a choice. One thing is certain thatRead MoreEssay on Teenage Pregnancy and Prevention1320 Words   |  6 Pagesand support teenage births. Although teen pregnancy has declined in the past, the United States is still number one out of all industrialized countries of teen pregnancies. Therefore, implementing an in depth sex education class covering parenting in schools will allow teens to fully understand he consequences of having protected or unprotected sex. All children deserve love and care from their parents. The United States has a higher rate of teen pregnancy than other countries because one is notRead MoreSexual Activity While Practicing Abstinence850 Words   |  4 Pages A problem in society today is early sexual activity instead practicing abstinence. Parents, churches/religion, schools and government programs discourage sexual activity by teaching the importance of abstinence, but sex is glamorized in society , by the the media, the movies, commercials, advertisements and music that glamorizes sexuality and makes it confusing for adolescent to know what is acceptable and how they should behave. Parents Parents want their children to practice abstinence for theirRead MoreThe Aspen Education Group1185 Words   |  5 Pagesyouth has steadily increased over the past thirty years. Teenagers have an intense interest in sexually behavior because of the increase of sexual subjective material in every aspect of American society. Kissing, sex, groping are now seen as normal behavior portrayed on sitcoms, social media, and the news. The Atlanta Center for Disease Control reported that each year amongst teens there are about millions of cases of sexually transmitted diseases, and approximately one million pregnancies. StatisticsRead MoreProcreation Is The Reason For Existence854 Words   |  4 Pagesto mate and to die. Society has changed, survival is not the main goal in life in first world countries. Prosperity, wealth, power, are the main goals of those who are born today. Sex is not only a means to create your kin anymore, but an activity that people partake in for pleasure. Consequently , there lies the risk of pregnancy, unwanted or not. The conception that both the man and woman in the relationship have only one choice is immoral. The choice to change one’s life has to be left in the beholder

Comparing Structure And Culture Of The Same Industry Essay

1. Compare structure and culture of two or more firms in the same industry. Which would you prefer to work for? The two firms being compared were google and apple, both firms dominate the intersection of technology and consumer access. In addition they both compete across a huge range of sub-industries such as computing software, hardware, operating systems, applications and web browsing amongst others. However each firm takes a different approach from an organizational perspective. GOOGLE Google Inc. is an American multinational technology company specializing in internet related services and products. It was founded on September 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, whilst the current C.E.O is Sundar Pichai. Organizational Structure This refers to how activities such as task allocation, coordination and supervision are directed towards achievement of organizational goals, therefore it seeks to define a way an organization conducts its business, treats its employee, customer and wider community. Moreover, Google represents a cross- functional structure also known as matrix or flat structure. This means that employees, groups or teams can bypass middle management and report directly to the top management, one being the CEO, Sundar Pichai. Organizational Culture Organizational Culture is based upon a system of shared meaning, held by a group of members that distinguishes one organization from the other. Therefore Google’s culture was and still is based upon its foundation, inShow MoreRelatedThe Culture Industry By Adorno And Horkheimer And The Magic System1625 Words   |  7 Pagesthrived within the socio-economic culture. The interaction of individuals and the relation to the hegemonic society has created this new grouping of the public; to be consumer culture. The socio-economic structure thrives in capitalism and has evolved society, culturally. A new way of living has evolved and ultimately altered and shaped the public to be heavily influenced by capitalism. The two-works affected and focused around this topic are; The Culture Industry by Adorno and Horkheimer and TheRead MoreIssues in Mexico Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pagescountry with a broad history, deep family culture, and an economy fueled by oil and tourism. The United S tates Department of State (USDS) offers a broad range of information on countries outside the US, including Mexico. I found a wealth of information about Mexico through the USDS Background Note provided on their website located at www.state.gov. I will outline for you the key information found in this report, and others, related to the Mexican economy, culture, and more. The economy of MexicoRead MoreStrengths And Strengths Of Nucor970 Words   |  4 PagesStrengths of Nucor: - Strong management team and strong leadership - Efficient lean organization structure - Has highly productive, motivated, innovative and non-union workforce - Has risk taking culture - Has highly productive technology for the mills - The large size of the company provides Nucor with more bargaining power Weaknesses of Nucor: - Lack of diversification in international presence - Rely too much on U.S. market, and all of Nucor’s facilities and equipment are in U.S., so Nucor facesRead MoreWestjet Case Study Solution1668 Words   |  7 Pagessmooth, resulting in doubts of IT department from business units and CEO. A new experienced CIO, Chery Smith, was hired to face these challenges. She accessed the whole situation and realized the problems are not just the system itself but the structure of IT department so she proposed ambitious plan to restructure IT department, align IT with the business goal and change the IT budgeting and planning . She was confident that the plan would be an opportunity for Westjet Airlines and would assistRead MoreThe Great Divergence : China, Europe And The Making Of The Modern World Economy Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered the success of England more inclined to the culture aspect. Kenneth Pomeranz, the author of The Great Divergence: China, Europe and the Making of the Modern World Economy, belongs to the California School. He thinks that the reason for the appearance of the Industrial Revolution should be attributed to Britain’s luck in geography, especially the coals and colonies. And it is a sharp rapture instead of a gradual transition. Despite comparing the past and present, Pomeranz does a horizontal comparisonRead MoreAnalysis Of Chase Co. s Culture Essay1648 Words   |  7 PagesCo.’s culture. The core of the bank has existed for over two hundred years and has become the giant it has through several mergers and acquisitions over its history. On top of this, Wall Street and the businesses that occupy it are continuously under public scrutiny due to the unethical behaviors that tend to be common in the industry. This has led to a public discontent for the industry, but JPMorgan Chase Co. is attempting to overcome that hurdle through a un ique culture. This culture is foundedRead MoreInfluence Of Organizational Culture On Corporate Performance746 Words   |  3 Pagesorganizational culture is found to be a filter through which leadership influences various performance outcomes. Human Resource Management Organizational culture affects corporate performance. Corporate culture is a deeply embedded form of social control that influences employee decisions and behavior. Culture is persistent and operates unintentionally. It is an automatic pilot directing employees in ways that are consistent with organizational expectations. Corporate culture assists the sense-makingRead MoreStrategic Employee Training and Development in Chinese Luxury Hotels1119 Words   |  5 Pagesof utilisation knowledge and employees’ skills and strengths (Griego; Geroy, and Wright, 2000). There are always disagreement of human resource development in comparing with traditional training such as integration with organisational missions and gials, top management support, existence of complementary HRM activities, recognition of cultures and emphasizing evaluation (Garavan, 1991). The most noticeable arguments is about the HRD’s assumption in applying to organisational context because it isRead Mo reAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Tourism1661 Words   |  7 PagesSoviet Union. The political structure is very stable with an open door policy but different opinion among the government is making the development process hard to work. Findings of this report will show you how culture tourism in Libiza will be the best way of economic development, thru comparing with the most popular touristic cities among the continents. This report will also analyse the impacts of educational tourism and recommend solutions for preserving the culture. This research is based onRead MoreComparing the Industrialization of Britain and Japan Essay1553 Words   |  7 PagesComparing the industrialization of Britain and Japan Two ships can arrive at the same destination; however that does not necessarily mean that they used the same route on their journey. Such is the same with the industrialization of Britain and Japan. Both rose to become the two great pioneers of the modern world; however the paths they took to success were different. This paper will compare Japan and Britain, exploring the causes of its industrialization, and how the countries drastically changed

The Palestine Division A Conflict Between Arabs and Israelis

Today, as in most of human history, the world is always in war, extinct wars like World War II, apparently succeeding wars like Iraq and the United States and more hard as the war of Israel and Palestine. The last war mentioned, the Arab-Israeli conflict, has attracted the attention of the world for various issues such as the failed attempt at peace, or the history of both nations, but what is striking is the daily life of both sides, more specific daily terror of the Palestine for suicide bombings carried out by the Jews and the violation of individual rights to the Palestinian people. A lot of people wondering why are the Jews and Muslims enemies, but this is not true because Muslims and Jews, or even Muslims and Christians are not†¦show more content†¦The battles of the Arab-Israeli conflict ensued afterwards. The result of the war was suffer endured by Palestinian at the hands of Israelis. A lot of people seen images of Palestinian kids killed by Israeli bombs, read about targeted killings, and heard of the hardships, learned about the West Bank separation barrier and checkpoints. Humiliations and discrimination daily endured by the Palestinian people. The World seen the UN and some other international organizations repeatedly issue sharp criticisms of Israel for its actions. The world have learned of the Palestinian exile, and of their decades-long struggle for the land. Some people who see the problem from the outside do not understand what all the hustle between Palestinians and Israelis means, why these countries are still fighting over this piece of land? Why they do not stop being ignorant? The Israelis should understand that Palestine belongs to Arabs and not to them. Israelis does not want to agree to give back what it does not belong to them; they do not want to make matter to the famous phrase. Make falafel not war. Infinity of persons see Arabs as a danger to many countries around the world, specially the USA after the attack from 9/11, but is it USA a danger to Palestine? In a direct way, the United States are only â€Å"helping† Israel to get what supposedly once belonged to them. The real truth behind all this conflicts isShow MoreRelatedArab Israeli Conflict 883 Words   |  4 Pages1.1 WHAT IS THE ARAB ISRAELI CONFLICT? The Arab-Israeli conflict is a hotly contested issue both in the Middle East and the broader global community.1 The modern conflict is essentially a dispute over the area known up until 1948 as Palestine, which is considered holy to all three major monotheistic religions.2 The primary parties in the conflict are Israeli (formerly Zionist) Jews and Palestinian Arabs (who are predominately Muslim).3 It is one of the unresolved problems bequeathed to the regionRead MoreThe Political System Of A Nation Impact The Human Identity ( Culture ) Of Families1651 Words   |  7 Pagespolitical system within Israel altered the way the average Israeli family lives to this day. Example Outline To what extent does the political system of a nation impact the human identity (culture) of families in Israel? Marriage laws placed during the Arab-Israeli conflict restrict the lifestyle of secular Jews to a great extent. The way men and women could marry and divorce was changed because of the laws placed regarding faith divisions and divorce. Also, the â€Å"tandem court† system affected theRead MoreThe Arab-Israeli Conflict Essays649 Words   |  3 Pages The current conflict in the Middle East between the Israeli Jews and the Palestinian Arabs has many historical roots. Several events in the history of this conflict have been very important and also have a strong connection with the current situation between the two sides. One of these important events was the Nazi Holocaust. During the Second World War the Jews were persecuted by the Nazis and sent to concentration camps. By the end of the war in 1945 6 million JewsRead MoreThe Israeli Palestinian Conflict : Israel Palestine Conflict Essay1516 Words   |  7 PagesSome studies on the Israel-Palestinian conflict postulate that the nature of the conflict has always been about land, meaning the partition of the holy land (e.g., Newman, 2002; Klieman, 2000; Alpher, 1995). But a tectonic shift occurred with the swift Israeli victory in the 6 day war of 1967, when Israel occupied the territories. Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories bar Gaza strip ( territorially miniscule) has morphed into a sort of colonialism as Israel has buil a number of settlementsRead MoreA closer Look at Benny Morris One State, Two States880 Words   |  4 PagesWith an uncanny ability to convey his argument in a concise and precise manner, Benny Morris’s book One State, Two States quite comprehensively discredits the belief that a so-called ‘One State’ solution may bring peace to the region between the Mediterranean and the Jordan. As an academic and a professor of history at the Ben-Gurion University in Israel, one should be able to hold Morris’s text in high regard for his academic integrity. Unfortunately, it could be argued that to do so would be aRead MoreThe Rise Of Zionism And Arab Nationalism1407 Words   |  6 PagesThe rise of Zionism and Arab Nationalism in the nineteenth century triggered major political tensions in the region of Palestine. The conflict among the Zionists and Arab Nationalists is primarily due to the politics of territory and is essentially not comprised of religious opposition. In fact, before the advent of Zionism and Arab Nationalism, Jews and Palestinians shared a local identity due to mutual tolerances. This identity, which took precedence over religion, created a vivacious communityRead MoreAnalysis Of Street Art Of Israel And Palestine1370 Words   |  6 PagesBefore the study of street art in Israel and Palestine can begin, first, one must understand why these artworks are there - a basic principle in any art theory. For instance, taking Picasso’s Guernica (see fig. 1.1) as an example, it appears at first glance to be a disturbing painting, very abstract in style and chaotic in its composition. The appeal of abstract art is that it is less superficially explicit. I would argue that this conveys deeper meaning to the viewer because of the personal journeyRead MoreThe Conflict Between Israelis And Palestinians1686 Words   |  7 PagesErin Shin Combs English 1-2 Acc., P. 1 18 April 2016 The Conflict Between Israelis and Palestinians On July 14, 2014, Mohammed Suliman, a Muslim living in Gaza City, tweeted, â€Å"Amir, 12, and Mohammed. 10, want to buy yogurt. Things are calm, they tell their mom. They leave the house. A blast is heard. They re dead† (Hosford). Tragic though it is, this is not a rare phenomenon in this region. In fact, 2,314 Palestinians were killed and 17,125 injured just in 2014 alone as a result of Israel’s activitiesRead MoreThe Creation of Israel was the Turning Point2997 Words   |  12 PagesIsrael was a turning point throughout a hundred year period. The conflict can be split up into 3 different strands which include: Arab Israeli, Palestinian-Israeli, Western involvement. The Arab-Israeli conflict is the regional conflict that erupts in 1948 when the newly created Arab states invade Israel and is partially resolved by 1996. The Palestinian-Israeli conflict is the local conflict throughout the 100 year period between the native Palestinians and the Israeli’s, it is s till unresolvedRead MoreThe Palestine Conflict Of Palestine2149 Words   |  9 PagesAntecedents of the Israel-Palestine Conflict The Israel-Palestine conflict has afflicted the middle east for over 90 years, acting as a breeding ground for violence and terrorism as well as costing countless of lives throughout the conflict. Israel-Palestine is an 80 mile wide area of land situated in the western Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Egypt to the south, Jordan and Syria to the east, and Lebanon to the north. Today, the crux conflict in Israel-Palestine most publicly materializes

POB sba free essay sample

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS Sweet ‘n’ Spice will be a small agro-processing company that will be established to use locally grown ingredients such as thyme, escallion, onion, pimento, scotch bonnet pepper etc. to manufacture sauces and bottled seasonings. The products to be manufactured will include jerk seasonings, curry seasonings, marinades, crushed pepper sauces, ginger barbeque sauces etc. The offerings (products) will be extended to local supermarkets, restaurants hotels mainly across the western region of the island. Sweet ‘n’ Spice will be a privately owned business. The business will take the form of a general partnership between Ricardo Powell and Devon Skeine, who are both investors and will be actively involved in the daily operations of the business. The main objective of the business will be to meet the needs of the target customers whilst making a profit and ensuring growth. This will be achieved through the business producing seasonings and sauces that will simplify th e food preparation process for homemakers, restaurants, hotels or any business involved in food services. Organization of Marketing Department The organizational structure of this business is hierarchical, the organizational chart for the business can be found in the appendix, the roles of our marketing personnel are shown below: Marketing Manager: * Develop the marketing strategy and plan. Supervise marketing department employees. * Research and report on external opportunities. Marketing Representative: * Meet with clients to represent the business. * Follow up with existing clientele and customers to maintain professional relationships. * Attend sales meetings, and generate reports and other business documents. Marketing Analyst: * Collect and analyze data to evaluate existing and potential product and service markets. * Identify and monitor competitors and research market conditions or changes in the industry that may affect sales. Use of Technology The proprietor of Trevi’s Custom Cakes amp; more will use various types’ technologies in the business to increase productivity and efficiency of operations in the business. Two of these types technology are computers and billboards. * The computers will be used to keep inventory and stocks up to date as well as to keep records of daily transactions made by the business. The computer will also be used to access to internet and create a website for our business; through this we will be able to showcase our products. * The billboards will be used to advertise the business, billboards will be established in St. Catherine as well as other parishes in well populated areas where it can appeal to many people. This will also make our products more marketable. Market Research Target Population Qualitative: Trevi’s Custom Cakes amp; more aims to cater to the general public, for instance, people needing cakes for special occasions such as: birthdays, baby showers, anniversary etc. Quantitative: In our endeavors we shall aim to sell to at least 1,500 people per month. Price The price of our products are based on affordability, (the price list can be found in the appendix) Competitors The business will be competing against fellow bakeries closest to our organization such as Pastry Palace, Oak Mill Bakery and Honey Crust Bakery. My competitors and the business are not situated in the same parish, the competitors were chosen because they seemed worthy of the position, these bakeries are considered to be well recognized bakeries. Product/ Service Trevi’s Custom Cakes amp; more sell solely its own products. So the brand would include our business name, which will be brightly colored so as to appeal to the customers visually and the business slogan is â€Å"We make your SWEET dreams REALITY! , The custom-made cakes will be packaged in a white box (according to size of cake) with the logo and label attached to the cover of each box; however, pastries will be packaged in a small paper bag with the logo on each. An example of the logo is in the appendix. Pricing Strategy Cost plus: the cost of producing the product is calculated and then the percentage added on fo r profit. The competitor’s prices will be taken into consideration as well as the cost of ingredients and quality and after a profitable income will emerge. This pricing strategy will be used so as to make the price affordable and fair, to both customer and the business. Place (distribution on channels) Description of distribution channels used As a retailer and also a producer, the business will purchase ingredients from consumers, then convert such ingredients into finished products of high quality and sell to the final consumers at an affordable and reasonable price. Producer Retailer Consumer Limitations * Ingredients from producers may be delayed * Goods may be misdirected * Poor communication Other Suitable Alternatives In the case that the set distribution channel above does not go according to plan the alternative will be to produce then sell to final consumers. Promotion Mix This will be the way of making our consumers aware of our products and their existence through advertising and sales promotion. Advertising: Trevi’s Custom Cakes amp; more will have their products advertised through multimedia sources such as radio, television, billboards and the internet. This will highlight features of the business and its products and also educate consumers about their products. Sales Promotion: Sales promotion allows us to see what appeals to customers and what does not, and it also gives the business a jumpstart on sales. The business will be promoting sales through special offers, coupons and also free sampling. Sales promotion will also increase loyalty and customer awareness. Customer Complaints Customer’s complaint: â€Å"I ordered a customized cake for a baby shower and received one for a bachelorette party, how could you have messed up my order like that? † Owner’s response: My deepest apologies for such a mistake, you are a valued customer, due to this we will make another cake to your specifications, at no cost to you. We assure you that such mistakes have never been made before and will never be made again. Thank you for your cooperation, do come again. Government Regulations In establishing this business there are certain government regulations that will have an impact on the process. When establishing a business the entrepreneur goes to the Bureau of Standards to register the business to gain permission to operate the business. Certain documentation will also be needed; such as the food handler’s permit. This card will show that our staff is licensed to prepare food. All employees are required to be in possession of a valid food handler permit as stated by the public health act (food handling) regulations 1998. Without our food handlers permits we should not be serving customers, and doing so may result in the shutting down of our business. (an example of such permit is in the appendix) Ethical Issues This business does not believe in price gouging. Price Gouging refers the pricing of an item above market price. We will prevent this by ensuring that we create affordable prices for our clients. The ethical issue discussed will have great impact on our business if not dealt with or prevented. These impacts may include a decrease in the number of valued customers and profits gained. This would present a vile image of the business because of the over-pricing of products. 1. Robinson, Hamil, CXC Principles of Business with SBA, Study Guide amp; Exercises. Carlong Publishers, Kingston 13, Kingston, Jamaica. 2. ORGANIZATIONAL CHART BUSINESS LOGO PRICE LIST Cakes Custom-made†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. (Depending on quality and ingredients) Pastries Cake slices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $150. 00 Danishes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $100. 00 Donuts †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ $100. 00 Sugar buns †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. $75. 00 Creme Brulee †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $250. 00 Cupcakes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. $100. 00 Muffins (regular) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ $120. 00 Blueberry muffins †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $125. 00 Food Handler’s Permit

Strategic Dimensions as Internal Marketing

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Dimensions as Internal Marketing. Answer: Introduction Strategic dimension can be defined as the strategic aspect of an organization, which includes organizational composition, management and values (Krzakiewicz Cyfert, 2014). The organizational chosen for this study is Bulla dairy. It is a major Australian dairy firm, which manufactures dairy products nationally and also exports the products to international market. The study will assess the strategic dimension of the organization through its generic strategies, organizational culture and organizational structure. The study will describe the generic strategies of the organization through cost leadership, differentiation and focus strategy. The study will also describe the organizational culture and structure of Bulla Dairy. Moreover, at the end of the study, it will demonstrate the consistency of each dimension towards the success of the organization. Company Background Bulla Dairy Foods is the major Australian dairy company, which manufactures dairy product in national basis. However, the organization exports its ranges of dairy product to various international markets. The organization exports frozen and chilled dairy products to various leading markets of Middle Eastern and Asian (Bulla.com.au, 2017). It is highly popular for manufacturing and exporting range of dairy products such as table cream, ice cream, sour cream, cheese, yogurt, imitation cream and cottage under different brands. Thomas Sloan established the organization in 1910 and it subsequently became the partnership among three inter-related families (Bulla.com.au, 2017). Moreover, these inter-related families still own and operate the business of the organization. The organization offers family taste in all of its dairy products through thickening the milk. The organization exports to over 20 countries and has annual retail sales of more than $ 300 million (Moir McCarthy, 2014). As per the survey of 2014, 20% Australians buy the dairy products of Bulla Dairy from the grocery shop of Australia (Referred to Appendix 1). Moreover, most of the customers between the age of 14-24 majorly buy the ice cream product of Bulla Dairy (Referred to Appendix 2). Generic Business Strategy The primary determinant of an organizations profitability is the attractiveness of the industry within which it operates. On the other hand, the secondary determinant of an organizations profitability is its position within the industry (Rad, Lewis, 2014). Michel Porter has invented this theory of generic strategy for identifying an organizations position through leveraging its strength. This theory also suggests the way in which an organization can pursue competitive advantage within the industry. There are three dimension with which an organization can pursue competitive advantage within the industry namely cost leadership, differentiation and focus. The generic strategy of Bulla Dairy has been described in the following for demonstrating its competitive advantage. Cost Leadership Strategy An organization can sell its products either at average industry price for gaining increasing profit or below the average industry price for gaining increasing market share. However, this generic strategy suggests for low cost producer within the industry against a minimum given quality. In this extent, Bulla Dairy sells its dairy product below the average industry price towards capturing high market share (Purves et al., 2015). The organization offers their products at highly affordable price towards making them affordable for all types of customers. Through this strategy, the organization can maintain some profitability in the price war of highly competitive market (Elgin-Stuczynski Batterbury, 2014). The cost leadership strategy of the organization target broad markets of Australia and increasing market share in those markets. The organization has acquired cost advantage through improved process efficiencies and gaining unique access to the raw materials. The organization get wid e access to the fresh milk produced in the Colac, which is a provincial town located at Western District of Victoria (Thorley, 2014). Therefore, the organization can produce their dairy products at cheaper cost and sells it to the customers at affordable price. Differentiation Strategy Differentiation strategy suggests for development of products and services, which offers unique attributes. Customers perceive such products having high value and different from other similar products of other organizations. The value added by the organizations in their products allows them to charge premium price for the products (Santhanam-Martin Nettle, 2014). Bulla Dairy has wide range of dairy product serving to wide variety of customers. Moreover, the customers can have traditional taste in all the dairy products of this organization. Bulla Dairy also offers varieties of flavors in all their ice creams, which attract the kids group (Scarsbrook Melland, 2015). Furthermore, the low fat dairy products of the organization have also become high popular among the customers. Such low fat and healthy lifestyle products of this organization are frozen yoghurt and cottage cheese. Therefore, this healthy and low fat dairy products having unique taste have allowed the organization to be competitive in the market. The focus strategy focuses on narrow segment and within that segment endeavor to attain either cost leadership or differentiation. The premise of this strategy is that an organization can better serve the customers by focusing completely on it. The organization has mostly targeted household group for offering milk products. The traditional taste of the dairy foods attracts most of the people having traditional preferences (Schuck et al., 2016). Moreover, the organization has also targeted health conscious people having healthy dairy foods. However, the organization is limited to operate only within the Australia. The organization does not have international expansion and they only export their dairy products in international countries (Caiazza et al., 2016). In this way, Bulla Dairy has become able to gain high level of customer loyalty. This entrenched loyalty of the organization has discouraged other competitors in competing with this organization directly. Moreover, the organizati on has targeted all income groups from low to high towards meeting the daily needs of the customers. Organizational Culture The culture of Bulla Dairy of highly based on the ideals that self-motivated people work hard rather than having boss micromanaging every step of the employees. The unique structure of the organization allows it to grow and respond more quickly than its other competitors. Bulla Dairy initially grew fast, as decisions were made at the lowest possible level. The corporate culture of the organization is based on open structure, where low level employees can easily approach to top level managers regarding any organizational issues (Hogan Coote, 2014). Therefore, any organizational issue is resolved at the initial stage. The organizational leaders are extremely supportive to the employees for helping them in doing any complex job. However, some leaders in manufacturing department and designing department are non-cooperative with the employees opinions (OReilly et al., 2014). Excellence is emphasized as the critical success factor for the organization especially for production of dairy fo ods. The culture of the organization involves strict policy of hiring best employees for the organization. The employees are hired for their knowledge, creativity and skills (Bschgens et al., 2013). The organizational culture of Bulla Dairy highlights creativity in the development of dairy products. This culture helps the organization to develop business process as per the business needs as well as organizational needs. Furthermore, innovation is at the core of organizational culture of Bulla Dairy. All the employees are encouraged and trained enough for demonstrating their innovation in their individual performance areas. They are also allowed to share their innovative ideas in the business development process of the organization. On the other hand, the organizational culture of Bulla Dairy highlights moderate combativeness with the workplace. This shows the combative approach of the leaders. In this approach, leaders of the organization constantly challenge the skills and abilities of t he employees towards meeting the organizational standards (Tong et al., 2015). This is positive in the sense that it fosters employee innovation. On the hand, it is negative in the sense that it can discourage some employees, who are slow in demonstrating their innovation. Moreover, the organizational culture of Bulla dairy protects business from unenthusiastic influence of employee poaching and corporate espionage. This level of organizational culture actually reveals the organizational characteristics, which can be easily viewed, felt and heard by the employees collectively. The employees of Bulla Dairy are highly dedicated in their job role and their level of dedication is apparently reflected on their job performance. Moreover, the dedication level of the employees allows the organization to fulfill their innovative mission effectively. The employees of Bulla Dairy are to wear formal dress in their organization and they are extremely polite in communicating with their superiors (Martinez et al., 2015). Moreover, the management of the organization allows the employees to participate in organizational decision making process. Therefore, the employees are highly responsible towards fulfilling their targets and meeting organizational standards. The managers of Bulla Dairy are extremely cooperative with the employees in performing any complex job. The concerns of the employees are always taken into consideration while framing any organizational policies and procedures. Moreover, the innovative ideas of the employees are highly appreciated by the upper level managers. On the other hand, the employees of the organization always respect their managers and obey their instruction for the betterment of business development (Hogan Coote, 2014). The standard and values of the organization are always aligned with the individual needs of the customers. All the male employees and female employees are given equal rights in the workplace. Moreover, female employees are given extra privileges as per their requirements. Organizational Structure From the above figure, it can be found that Bulla Dairy uses functional organizational structure for operating their business. In this structure, the organization has different functional departments operating individually for the success for the business. The reporting relationships of the organization are grouped based on specialty of each department. The organization is divided into separate groups on the basis of their specialized functional areas such as production department, technical department, human resource department, finance centre and customer service department (Joseph et al., 2016). This organizational structure allowed Bulla Dairy to get enhanced functional efficiencies, as the employees having shared knowledge and skills are group together in each department. In this structure, board decides the strategies for long term business operation and inspects the interim report for the organization towards maintain those strategies. Moreover, they are the heads of the organization and control the business from long term perspectives. On the other hand, the director control each individual department of the organization namely production department to finance centre and human resource department (Erhemjamts et al., 2013). Most of the decisions of Bulla dairy are taken on the top of the hierarchy. The director is responsible to communicate the decisions of the board to each of the departmental heads. However, the consistency of the communication sometimes hampered due to scattered departments within the organization. The director is responsible for maintaining the consistency of the communication within each department for effective implementation of organizational strategies. The head of production department is responsible for controlling the activities of the employees from production, QA manager, maintenance employees, purchasing and logistics. The quality manager is responsible for maintaining the health standard in each of the dairy products. On the other hand, the head of production department also control the logistics functions. The employees of logistic department are responsible for distributing fresh milk to the inventory and the finished dairy products to the customers end. Moreover, the technical department head is responsible for controlling the activities of product design and research and development team. Furthermore, the head of human resource department is responsible for controlling the hiring and maintenance activities of human capital. Bulla dairy is highly concerned about recruiting extremely knowledgeable people and maintaining them through proper training and development Joseph et al., 2016). Recommendation Through Bulla dairy is extremely popular in Australia for its high quality dairy foods, still the organization is only limited within Australia. The organization does not operate on international basis. It only exports its products to international market. Limited expansion is ultimately reducing the potentiality of the organization for earning increasing profit. Therefore, the organization should take initiatives for expanding in international market for increasing organizational profit. Effective Leadership The leaders of Bulla Dairy are supportive enough for assisting the employees in performing complex jobs. However, some leaders in production department are not that much supportive to the employees for aligning their skills to organizational success. These leaders are inclined to demonstrate aggression to the employees, which sometimes demoralize the employees. Therefore, these leaders should be high supportive to the employees and assists them to enhance their skills. Improved Business Communication In case of functional organizational structure, the communication among each department sometime gets hampered. It can reduce the capability of the organization towards achieving organizational goals. Therefore, the organization should enhance the consistency of the organizational communication. Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said that Bulla Dairy is extremely popular dairy firm in Australia for its unique taste dairy foods. The success of the organization is tightly integrated with its business strategies, organizational structure and organizational structure. Innovation is at the core of the organization culture in Bulla Dairy. The organization is extremely concerned about providing unique value to the customers. Therefore, the organization is capable of taking the differentiation generic strategy for being competitive in the market. Moreover, the employees are allowed to contribute their innovative ideas for the success of the organization. It allows the organization to focus on new aspect of business through targeting new types of customers. Moreover, there is concrete relationship between the organizational culture and generic strategies of Bulla Dairy. Organizational structure defines the way of allocating and dividing the task among each of the department of the organization. Moreover, it defines the flow of communication within the organization. Therefore, the nature of organizational culture is highly dependent of the structure of the organization. In case of Bulla Dairy, the board decides the long-term business strategies of the organization. However, the director is responsible for communicating the strategies among each departmental head. Moreover, the directors allow enough authority to the departmental heads for managing their individual department. Therefore, this organizational structure has created open organizational culture, where board does not micromanage each activities of each department. Organizational strategies set out the roadmap for the organization for meeting organizational goals. On the other hand, organizational structure defines the way in which organizational resources are distributes among each department for achieving organizational goals. Therefore, the structure and strategy of the organization must be woven together for better sustainability in the market. The organizational structure is functional in nature, where the organizational departments are grouped together based on their specialized areas. Therefore, these specialized departments can better contribute their innovative ideas for bringing differentiation in the organization. References Bulla.com.au. (2017).Bulla.com.au. 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Krzakiewicz, K., Cyfert, S. (2014). The strategic dimension of the dynamic capabilities of enterprises.Management,18(2), 7-18. Lee, J. Y., Kozlenkova, I. V., Palmatier, R. W. (2015). Structural marketing: using organizational structure to achieve marketing objectives.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,43(1), 73-99. Martinez, E. A., Beaulieu, N., Gibbons, R., Pronovost, P., Wang, T. (2015). Organizational culture and performance.The American Economic Review,105(5), 331-335. Moir, B., McCarthy, O. (2014). Foreign investment in the Australian dairy industry.Agricultural Commodities,4(3), 21. OReilly III, C. A., Caldwell, D. F., Chatman, J. A., Doerr, B. (2014). The promise and problems of organizational culture: CEO personality, culture, and firm performance.Group Organization Management,39(6), 595-625. Purves, N., Niblock, S. J., Sloan, K. (2015). On the relationship between financial and non-financial factors: A case study analysis of financial failure predictors of agribusiness firms in Australia.Agricultural Finance Review,75(2), 282-300. Elgin-Stuczynski, I., Batterbury, S. (2014). Perceptions of climate variability and dairy farmer adaptations in Corangamite Shire, Victoria, Australia.International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management,6(1), 85-107. Rad, S. J., Lewis, M. J. (2014). Water utilisation, energy utilisation and waste water management in the dairy industry: a review.International Journal of Dairy Technology,67(1), 1-20. Santhanam-Martin, M. I. C. H. A. E. L., Nettle, R. U. T. H. (2014). Governing Australias dairy farm workforce: a new terrain for negotiating rural community sustainability.Int J Sociol Agric Food,21(1), 31-50. Scarsbrook, M. R., Melland, A. R. (2015). Dairying and water-quality issues in Australia and New Zealand.Animal Production Science,55(7), 856-868. Schuck, P., Jeantet, R., Bhandari, B., Chen, X. D., Perrone, . T., de Carvalho, A. F., ... Kelly, P. (2016). Recent advances in spray drying relevant to the dairy industry: A comprehensive critical review.Drying Technology,34(15), 1773-1790. Thorley, V. (2014). There is absolutely NO SUBSTITUTE for fresh milk: dairy marketing in Australia, twentieth century.International Journal of Liberal Arts and Social Science,2(2), 1-14. Tong, C., Tak, W. I. W., Wong, A. (2015). The Impact of knowledge sharing on the relationship between organizational culture and Job satisfaction: The perception of information communication and technology (ICT) practitioners in Hong Kong.International Journal of Human Resource Studies,5(1), 19. Wiewiora, A., Trigunarsyah, B., Murphy, G., Coffey, V. (2013). Organizational culture and willingness to share knowledge: A competing values perspective in Australian context.International Journal of Project Management,31(8), 1163-1174.

Insecurity in Nigeria free essay sample

Responsibility for internal security may range from  police  to  paramilitary  forces, and in exceptional circumstances, the  military  itself. (Wikipedia) Threats to Internal security Threats to the general peace may range from low-level  civil disorder, large scale  violence, or even an armed  insurgency. Threats to internal security may be directed at either the states citizens, or the organs and infrastructure of  the state  itself, and may range from petty  crime, serious  organized crime, political or industrial unrest, or even domestic  terrorism. Foreign powers may also act as a threat to internal security, by either committing or sponsoring terrorism or  rebellion, without actually  declaring war. Forces and Agencies Governmental responsibility for internal security will generally rest with an  interior ministry, as opposed to a  defense ministry. Depending on the state, a states internal security will be maintained by either the ordinary  police or law enforcement  agencies or more militarized police forces (known as  Gendarmerie). We will write a custom essay sample on Insecurity in Nigeria or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Other specialized internal security agencies may exist to augment these main forces, such as  border guards,  special police units, or aspects of the states  List of intelligence agencies. In some states, internal security may be the primary responsibility of a  secret police force. The level of authorized force used by agencies and forces responsible for maintaining internal security might range from unarmed  police  to fully armed  paramilitary  organizations, or employ some level of  less-lethal weaponry  in between. For violent situations, internal security forces may contain some element of military type equipment such as  non-military armored vehicles. But enough of definitions and insinuations. What we are talking about is not merely petty crimes, armed robberies, etc, but terrorism and bombings, armed insurgency, e. g. the Niger Delta problem, which seemed to have died down a bit of recent, after all the hullabaloo of Amnesty, Jos ethnic/religious killings, Boko Haram massacres and bombings in Abuja, Maiduguri and other northern cities, etc. What every Nigerian should be doing is asking and demanding answers on what has been done so far since October 1st, 2010 Independence Day Twin Bombing in Abuja FCT. Not to mention numerous bombings in Maiduguri, Bauchi and Adamawa. Mind you, these are not the first instances of such insecurity. Insecurity has been with us probably since we became a Republic, only we decided to turn blind eyes to it. When the CIA report of 2005 predicted the collapse of Nigeria in about 15 years time, patriots and critics alike reacted differently to the report. For me, as much as I wanted to dismiss it, something kept niggling my mind that this might be a true prophetic scrutiny of the state of Nigeria. Not because the CIA is dependable in its security analysis, after all, they didnt get it right to prevent 9/11 2001 from happening, but events in Nigeria seemed to suggest that while other countries in the sub-region were developing, Nigeria was retrogressing despite its claim to democracy. People expected the then Government of Obasanjo to take this warning as a chance for Nigeria to look inwards, engage with the report, and work on those predictive indices that could lead to the predicted failure. But, inopportunely, the Obasanjo government dismissed the report in its totality. In a way, the dismissal is not entirely a surprise, since our leaders, over the years, are prone to such habits of shielding the truth from their people, not caring as long as it does not happen in their time; are actually very ignorant of what is going on around them, and are obstinate and tyrannical in their nature. The current general state of insecurity in Nigeria has now lent weight to the report. It must be recalled that while the report was released at the advent of the so-called Niger Delta crisis, since then several acts of bombings and killings by the extremist Islamic sect, Boko Haram, the carnage between ethnic Birom and the Hausa/Fulani in Jos, and the political violence that followed immediately after the 2011 Elections results, mostly in the northern part of the country, have further cemented the insecure state of the country. Starting with the usual religious/ethnic oriented conflicts, to the Jos ethnic/religious/political conflict of 2008, regrettably, the northern states have shown that security of persons and properties is still far from being realizable. However, the current crisis which started in Bauchi and has engulfed other states in the north has elements of theocratic opinionated ambitions in it. While the fundamentalist group Boko Harams demand for the jettisoning of a western behavioral pattern and the imposition of strict Sharia law can be described as absurd to say the least, we should equally view it with all the seriousness it deserves. What the current trend of violence is imprinting on the psyche of Nigerians is that the government security apparatus is incapable of guaranteeing the safety and security of its people. This would, therefore, impact on the general human security of the people as the situation promotes fear, while at the same time limiting the peoples ability to develop economically. At the same time, the states capacity to attract investors becomes limited as a result of the insecurity. For instance, states like Enugu and Bauchi that have huge tourism potential would be losing out on this front On different terrorist attacks, listen to what leaders with political will had to say: On 9/11: This is an act of war against the United States. Well hunt down the terrorists. They can run but they cant hide George Bush London Bombing: Well track down the terrorists and bring them to justice Tony Blair UN House Bombing: Terrorism is a global phenomenon. May be it is Nigerias turn. Goodluck Jonathan So what our supreme leader is saying is that, â€Å"why not, it’s our turn to start getting blown up†. How much more should we expect? That shows you the depth of intelligence and care of our leaders. Security was a driving issue in the last Presidential campaign following bomb blast by Niger Delta militants and attacks of police by members of the extremist Islamic group, Boko Haram in the northern part of the country. President Jonathan campaigned very hard to convince Nigerians that his government was meeting those security challenges. But the rioting, mostly in the North, that followed immediately after his election raised questions, which are still unanswered, about security preparedness. At least 800 people were said to have been killed in these Muslim-Christian electoral violence. â€Å"As president, it is my solemn duty to defend the constitution of this country. That includes the obligation to protect the lives and properties of every Nigerian wherever they choose to live,† he said Challenges amp; Proposed Solutions: Mr. President should acknowledge the failure of the security agencies hence there should be a complete overhaul of the Security Agencies in the county to pre-empt these security breaches. In particular, the failure of the intelligence services to contain the recurring security breaches. The spate of bombings has once more brought to limelight the need for a Sovereign National Conference. Until these structural distortions and anomalies are addressed, the monster of insecurity will loom large and Nigeria will once more be listed as a terrorist nation. Mr. President has to act decisively to execute his Office, and this can be achieved by implementing the anti-terrorism law and punish culprits of such heinous crimes capable of causing instability in the nation. This will vitiate the implementation of Mr. Presidents transformational agenda. The long-term effect is that the on-going terrorism will discourage potential investors in Nigeria. At the speed Nigeria is deteriorating, there is a strong desire for a  SOVEREIGN NATIONAL CONFERENCE  so that all ethnic  nationalities  can make their stand known  this amalgamated country. The way forward is for us to keep laying emphasis on the need for the evolution of six regions. The federation should stay but let every region grow at its own pace. The Western region has clearly set the  pace going by the result of the  last election. All the Western states voted massively for the Action Congress party (ACN), a party that  is not sufficiently  different  in programmes from the Action Party of Chief Obafemi Awolowo. Each region should have their own police Force. MOPOL and Interpol  could be transformed into the only Federal Police crack elite team. The rest members of the police force should be dismembered and directed to return to their regions. It is  the duty of the regions to now retrain, equip and pay them. Second, the judiciary is not helping matters at all. This institution  is heavily  compounding our problems. It has got to really sit up. Cases of corruption are not  meant to be compromised at all, let alone adjourning them endlessly. The judiciary ought to have, at this stage in our development, evolved time scales  for cases. There  ought to have been  a time to determine a case; time to close that case; and time to deliver  judgment and pass sentences. In Nigeria, cases that bother on corruption and insecurity have most often been compromised thus the law is no longer acting as a deterrent. What is happening in Jos is too gory to narrate. The endless killing going on in that city has made the demand for regional governmentt more pertinent. The country cannot just continue to toe the line of extinction. Most Nigerians  do not value human lives. They debase them. Most  have become conditioned to act of carnages, brigandage, looting, massacre,  butchery and bestiality. Thirdly, the Federal government should always be decisive on issues that bother on insecurity. We have never had strong leaders. From Shagari to Yar ‘Adua and now to Jonathan, what we have heard were leaders handpicked and imposed on the people. We have over the years been denied leaders that would bring us out of the woods. First were Awo in 1979 and, controversially, Abiola in 1993. We have never had it so bad. OBJ was an imposition by the Northern oligarchy. Corruption was commonplace under OBJ. Now under Jonathan, what we have is intertwined corruption and insecurity. Ethnic and the foregoing problems and criminal activities individually and collectively create insecurity and breach of the peace that are likely to or indeed affect legitimate social and economic activities in the country. These problems also have the very damaging consequence of giving the signal to the rest of the international community that Nigeria is not a safe and secure place and as such not suitable for economic investment and activities. This is particularly important in view of the efforts being made to create the desired atmosphere to attract foreign investment. Beyond the effects of security concerns on the economic fortunes of the country, the nature of the security challenges facing the country also have implications for the countrys political system. As mentioned earlier, social cohesion among various groups and interests is important in the process of national political development. Therefore, the constituent parts of the country must be and indeed feel that they are being carried along in the process of national governance. Experience has shown that widespread discontent and loss of confidence in the system have ways of affecting national political stability. Invariably continuing escalation of violence and crises across the country will impinge on the survival of our democracy. Accordingly, there is the challenge to rethink and improve on policy and institutional means of dealing with security concerns arising in the country. At the political level, the federal, state and local governments should evolve programmes of cultural and political education and orientation that seek to enthrone the fundamentals of democracy so that the political contestants as well as the generality of the citizens imbibe principles and practices essential for sustainable democracy. Such programmes must also address specific tendencies that create security breach and concerns in the country. In addition, a process of legislative and constitutional review should be initiated to assess the countrys constitution and amend or expunge as necessary areas that have been found to give rise to conflicts and security problems. The process should also introduce new provisions and legislations that will ensure better and more effective interplay of interests among all groups and stakeholders in Nigeria. Such exercise should also embrace ways of making the countrys democratic space more open, free, fair and tolerant as exists in other democracies around the world. Among specific lingering political issues that should be addressed are: the laws relating to political parties and their activities; the establishment, funding and activities of the electoral body; local and state government relationship; allocation of national resources and revenue; citizenship rights; devolution of security powers to states and local governments. In addition, the legislative and constitutional review should also embody security sector reforms that will make the security agencies and institutions more effective in combating crimes and other threats to national security and make them accountable to the democratic political system and structures. These democratic structures include the states and local governments. I believe that we need to give a more concrete understanding to the definition of governors as the chief security officers of the state. In all, what we need is a good government, no more no less. And a good government is possible in as much as people who are put in positions of authority are allowed and are committed to discharge their duties without fear or favors; are determined to serve with zeal and patriotism; are not ready to sell out to international capital and are ready to stand by the truth and die for it. In all, there is no mono cultural theory that is a cure-all to the diverse nature of insecurity in Nigeria but I believed and stand by the theory that Nigeria should evolve into six regions, each region having its Premier or Governor, each region has a right to retain its states or to abolish- the choice is theirs in the region to make; each region should be in charge of its Education,  Security, Health, Agriculture, Housing, Transport and Energy policies.