Comparing Structure And Culture Of The Same Industry Essay

1. Compare structure and culture of two or more firms in the same industry. Which would you prefer to work for? The two firms being compared were google and apple, both firms dominate the intersection of technology and consumer access. In addition they both compete across a huge range of sub-industries such as computing software, hardware, operating systems, applications and web browsing amongst others. However each firm takes a different approach from an organizational perspective. GOOGLE Google Inc. is an American multinational technology company specializing in internet related services and products. It was founded on September 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, whilst the current C.E.O is Sundar Pichai. Organizational Structure This refers to how activities such as task allocation, coordination and supervision are directed towards achievement of organizational goals, therefore it seeks to define a way an organization conducts its business, treats its employee, customer and wider community. Moreover, Google represents a cross- functional structure also known as matrix or flat structure. This means that employees, groups or teams can bypass middle management and report directly to the top management, one being the CEO, Sundar Pichai. Organizational Culture Organizational Culture is based upon a system of shared meaning, held by a group of members that distinguishes one organization from the other. Therefore Google’s culture was and still is based upon its foundation, inShow MoreRelatedThe Culture Industry By Adorno And Horkheimer And The Magic System1625 Words   |  7 Pagesthrived within the socio-economic culture. 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The economy of MexicoRead MoreStrengths And Strengths Of Nucor970 Words   |  4 PagesStrengths of Nucor: - Strong management team and strong leadership - Efficient lean organization structure - Has highly productive, motivated, innovative and non-union workforce - Has risk taking culture - Has highly productive technology for the mills - The large size of the company provides Nucor with more bargaining power Weaknesses of Nucor: - Lack of diversification in international presence - Rely too much on U.S. market, and all of Nucor’s facilities and equipment are in U.S., so Nucor facesRead MoreWestjet Case Study Solution1668 Words   |  7 Pagessmooth, resulting in doubts of IT department from business units and CEO. A new experienced CIO, Chery Smith, was hired to face these challenges. 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This paper will compare Japan and Britain, exploring the causes of its industrialization, and how the countries drastically changed

The Palestine Division A Conflict Between Arabs and Israelis

Today, as in most of human history, the world is always in war, extinct wars like World War II, apparently succeeding wars like Iraq and the United States and more hard as the war of Israel and Palestine. The last war mentioned, the Arab-Israeli conflict, has attracted the attention of the world for various issues such as the failed attempt at peace, or the history of both nations, but what is striking is the daily life of both sides, more specific daily terror of the Palestine for suicide bombings carried out by the Jews and the violation of individual rights to the Palestinian people. A lot of people wondering why are the Jews and Muslims enemies, but this is not true because Muslims and Jews, or even Muslims and Christians are not†¦show more content†¦The battles of the Arab-Israeli conflict ensued afterwards. The result of the war was suffer endured by Palestinian at the hands of Israelis. A lot of people seen images of Palestinian kids killed by Israeli bombs, read about targeted killings, and heard of the hardships, learned about the West Bank separation barrier and checkpoints. Humiliations and discrimination daily endured by the Palestinian people. The World seen the UN and some other international organizations repeatedly issue sharp criticisms of Israel for its actions. The world have learned of the Palestinian exile, and of their decades-long struggle for the land. Some people who see the problem from the outside do not understand what all the hustle between Palestinians and Israelis means, why these countries are still fighting over this piece of land? Why they do not stop being ignorant? The Israelis should understand that Palestine belongs to Arabs and not to them. Israelis does not want to agree to give back what it does not belong to them; they do not want to make matter to the famous phrase. Make falafel not war. 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POB sba free essay sample

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS Sweet ‘n’ Spice will be a small agro-processing company that will be established to use locally grown ingredients such as thyme, escallion, onion, pimento, scotch bonnet pepper etc. to manufacture sauces and bottled seasonings. The products to be manufactured will include jerk seasonings, curry seasonings, marinades, crushed pepper sauces, ginger barbeque sauces etc. The offerings (products) will be extended to local supermarkets, restaurants hotels mainly across the western region of the island. Sweet ‘n’ Spice will be a privately owned business. The business will take the form of a general partnership between Ricardo Powell and Devon Skeine, who are both investors and will be actively involved in the daily operations of the business. The main objective of the business will be to meet the needs of the target customers whilst making a profit and ensuring growth. This will be achieved through the business producing seasonings and sauces that will simplify th e food preparation process for homemakers, restaurants, hotels or any business involved in food services. Organization of Marketing Department The organizational structure of this business is hierarchical, the organizational chart for the business can be found in the appendix, the roles of our marketing personnel are shown below: Marketing Manager: * Develop the marketing strategy and plan. Supervise marketing department employees. * Research and report on external opportunities. Marketing Representative: * Meet with clients to represent the business. * Follow up with existing clientele and customers to maintain professional relationships. * Attend sales meetings, and generate reports and other business documents. Marketing Analyst: * Collect and analyze data to evaluate existing and potential product and service markets. * Identify and monitor competitors and research market conditions or changes in the industry that may affect sales. Use of Technology The proprietor of Trevi’s Custom Cakes amp; more will use various types’ technologies in the business to increase productivity and efficiency of operations in the business. Two of these types technology are computers and billboards. * The computers will be used to keep inventory and stocks up to date as well as to keep records of daily transactions made by the business. The computer will also be used to access to internet and create a website for our business; through this we will be able to showcase our products. * The billboards will be used to advertise the business, billboards will be established in St. Catherine as well as other parishes in well populated areas where it can appeal to many people. This will also make our products more marketable. Market Research Target Population Qualitative: Trevi’s Custom Cakes amp; more aims to cater to the general public, for instance, people needing cakes for special occasions such as: birthdays, baby showers, anniversary etc. Quantitative: In our endeavors we shall aim to sell to at least 1,500 people per month. Price The price of our products are based on affordability, (the price list can be found in the appendix) Competitors The business will be competing against fellow bakeries closest to our organization such as Pastry Palace, Oak Mill Bakery and Honey Crust Bakery. My competitors and the business are not situated in the same parish, the competitors were chosen because they seemed worthy of the position, these bakeries are considered to be well recognized bakeries. Product/ Service Trevi’s Custom Cakes amp; more sell solely its own products. So the brand would include our business name, which will be brightly colored so as to appeal to the customers visually and the business slogan is â€Å"We make your SWEET dreams REALITY! , The custom-made cakes will be packaged in a white box (according to size of cake) with the logo and label attached to the cover of each box; however, pastries will be packaged in a small paper bag with the logo on each. An example of the logo is in the appendix. Pricing Strategy Cost plus: the cost of producing the product is calculated and then the percentage added on fo r profit. The competitor’s prices will be taken into consideration as well as the cost of ingredients and quality and after a profitable income will emerge. This pricing strategy will be used so as to make the price affordable and fair, to both customer and the business. Place (distribution on channels) Description of distribution channels used As a retailer and also a producer, the business will purchase ingredients from consumers, then convert such ingredients into finished products of high quality and sell to the final consumers at an affordable and reasonable price. Producer Retailer Consumer Limitations * Ingredients from producers may be delayed * Goods may be misdirected * Poor communication Other Suitable Alternatives In the case that the set distribution channel above does not go according to plan the alternative will be to produce then sell to final consumers. Promotion Mix This will be the way of making our consumers aware of our products and their existence through advertising and sales promotion. Advertising: Trevi’s Custom Cakes amp; more will have their products advertised through multimedia sources such as radio, television, billboards and the internet. This will highlight features of the business and its products and also educate consumers about their products. Sales Promotion: Sales promotion allows us to see what appeals to customers and what does not, and it also gives the business a jumpstart on sales. The business will be promoting sales through special offers, coupons and also free sampling. Sales promotion will also increase loyalty and customer awareness. Customer Complaints Customer’s complaint: â€Å"I ordered a customized cake for a baby shower and received one for a bachelorette party, how could you have messed up my order like that? † Owner’s response: My deepest apologies for such a mistake, you are a valued customer, due to this we will make another cake to your specifications, at no cost to you. We assure you that such mistakes have never been made before and will never be made again. Thank you for your cooperation, do come again. Government Regulations In establishing this business there are certain government regulations that will have an impact on the process. When establishing a business the entrepreneur goes to the Bureau of Standards to register the business to gain permission to operate the business. Certain documentation will also be needed; such as the food handler’s permit. This card will show that our staff is licensed to prepare food. All employees are required to be in possession of a valid food handler permit as stated by the public health act (food handling) regulations 1998. Without our food handlers permits we should not be serving customers, and doing so may result in the shutting down of our business. (an example of such permit is in the appendix) Ethical Issues This business does not believe in price gouging. Price Gouging refers the pricing of an item above market price. We will prevent this by ensuring that we create affordable prices for our clients. The ethical issue discussed will have great impact on our business if not dealt with or prevented. These impacts may include a decrease in the number of valued customers and profits gained. This would present a vile image of the business because of the over-pricing of products. 1. Robinson, Hamil, CXC Principles of Business with SBA, Study Guide amp; Exercises. Carlong Publishers, Kingston 13, Kingston, Jamaica. 2. ORGANIZATIONAL CHART BUSINESS LOGO PRICE LIST Cakes Custom-made†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. (Depending on quality and ingredients) Pastries Cake slices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $150. 00 Danishes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $100. 00 Donuts †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ $100. 00 Sugar buns †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. $75. 00 Creme Brulee †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $250. 00 Cupcakes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦.. $100. 00 Muffins (regular) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ $120. 00 Blueberry muffins †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $125. 00 Food Handler’s Permit

Strategic Dimensions as Internal Marketing

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Dimensions as Internal Marketing. Answer: Introduction Strategic dimension can be defined as the strategic aspect of an organization, which includes organizational composition, management and values (Krzakiewicz Cyfert, 2014). The organizational chosen for this study is Bulla dairy. It is a major Australian dairy firm, which manufactures dairy products nationally and also exports the products to international market. The study will assess the strategic dimension of the organization through its generic strategies, organizational culture and organizational structure. The study will describe the generic strategies of the organization through cost leadership, differentiation and focus strategy. The study will also describe the organizational culture and structure of Bulla Dairy. Moreover, at the end of the study, it will demonstrate the consistency of each dimension towards the success of the organization. Company Background Bulla Dairy Foods is the major Australian dairy company, which manufactures dairy product in national basis. However, the organization exports its ranges of dairy product to various international markets. The organization exports frozen and chilled dairy products to various leading markets of Middle Eastern and Asian (Bulla.com.au, 2017). It is highly popular for manufacturing and exporting range of dairy products such as table cream, ice cream, sour cream, cheese, yogurt, imitation cream and cottage under different brands. Thomas Sloan established the organization in 1910 and it subsequently became the partnership among three inter-related families (Bulla.com.au, 2017). Moreover, these inter-related families still own and operate the business of the organization. The organization offers family taste in all of its dairy products through thickening the milk. The organization exports to over 20 countries and has annual retail sales of more than $ 300 million (Moir McCarthy, 2014). As per the survey of 2014, 20% Australians buy the dairy products of Bulla Dairy from the grocery shop of Australia (Referred to Appendix 1). Moreover, most of the customers between the age of 14-24 majorly buy the ice cream product of Bulla Dairy (Referred to Appendix 2). Generic Business Strategy The primary determinant of an organizations profitability is the attractiveness of the industry within which it operates. On the other hand, the secondary determinant of an organizations profitability is its position within the industry (Rad, Lewis, 2014). Michel Porter has invented this theory of generic strategy for identifying an organizations position through leveraging its strength. This theory also suggests the way in which an organization can pursue competitive advantage within the industry. There are three dimension with which an organization can pursue competitive advantage within the industry namely cost leadership, differentiation and focus. The generic strategy of Bulla Dairy has been described in the following for demonstrating its competitive advantage. Cost Leadership Strategy An organization can sell its products either at average industry price for gaining increasing profit or below the average industry price for gaining increasing market share. However, this generic strategy suggests for low cost producer within the industry against a minimum given quality. In this extent, Bulla Dairy sells its dairy product below the average industry price towards capturing high market share (Purves et al., 2015). The organization offers their products at highly affordable price towards making them affordable for all types of customers. Through this strategy, the organization can maintain some profitability in the price war of highly competitive market (Elgin-Stuczynski Batterbury, 2014). The cost leadership strategy of the organization target broad markets of Australia and increasing market share in those markets. The organization has acquired cost advantage through improved process efficiencies and gaining unique access to the raw materials. The organization get wid e access to the fresh milk produced in the Colac, which is a provincial town located at Western District of Victoria (Thorley, 2014). Therefore, the organization can produce their dairy products at cheaper cost and sells it to the customers at affordable price. Differentiation Strategy Differentiation strategy suggests for development of products and services, which offers unique attributes. Customers perceive such products having high value and different from other similar products of other organizations. The value added by the organizations in their products allows them to charge premium price for the products (Santhanam-Martin Nettle, 2014). Bulla Dairy has wide range of dairy product serving to wide variety of customers. Moreover, the customers can have traditional taste in all the dairy products of this organization. Bulla Dairy also offers varieties of flavors in all their ice creams, which attract the kids group (Scarsbrook Melland, 2015). Furthermore, the low fat dairy products of the organization have also become high popular among the customers. Such low fat and healthy lifestyle products of this organization are frozen yoghurt and cottage cheese. Therefore, this healthy and low fat dairy products having unique taste have allowed the organization to be competitive in the market. The focus strategy focuses on narrow segment and within that segment endeavor to attain either cost leadership or differentiation. The premise of this strategy is that an organization can better serve the customers by focusing completely on it. The organization has mostly targeted household group for offering milk products. The traditional taste of the dairy foods attracts most of the people having traditional preferences (Schuck et al., 2016). Moreover, the organization has also targeted health conscious people having healthy dairy foods. However, the organization is limited to operate only within the Australia. The organization does not have international expansion and they only export their dairy products in international countries (Caiazza et al., 2016). In this way, Bulla Dairy has become able to gain high level of customer loyalty. This entrenched loyalty of the organization has discouraged other competitors in competing with this organization directly. Moreover, the organizati on has targeted all income groups from low to high towards meeting the daily needs of the customers. Organizational Culture The culture of Bulla Dairy of highly based on the ideals that self-motivated people work hard rather than having boss micromanaging every step of the employees. The unique structure of the organization allows it to grow and respond more quickly than its other competitors. Bulla Dairy initially grew fast, as decisions were made at the lowest possible level. The corporate culture of the organization is based on open structure, where low level employees can easily approach to top level managers regarding any organizational issues (Hogan Coote, 2014). Therefore, any organizational issue is resolved at the initial stage. The organizational leaders are extremely supportive to the employees for helping them in doing any complex job. However, some leaders in manufacturing department and designing department are non-cooperative with the employees opinions (OReilly et al., 2014). Excellence is emphasized as the critical success factor for the organization especially for production of dairy fo ods. The culture of the organization involves strict policy of hiring best employees for the organization. The employees are hired for their knowledge, creativity and skills (Bschgens et al., 2013). The organizational culture of Bulla Dairy highlights creativity in the development of dairy products. This culture helps the organization to develop business process as per the business needs as well as organizational needs. Furthermore, innovation is at the core of organizational culture of Bulla Dairy. All the employees are encouraged and trained enough for demonstrating their innovation in their individual performance areas. They are also allowed to share their innovative ideas in the business development process of the organization. On the other hand, the organizational culture of Bulla Dairy highlights moderate combativeness with the workplace. This shows the combative approach of the leaders. In this approach, leaders of the organization constantly challenge the skills and abilities of t he employees towards meeting the organizational standards (Tong et al., 2015). This is positive in the sense that it fosters employee innovation. On the hand, it is negative in the sense that it can discourage some employees, who are slow in demonstrating their innovation. Moreover, the organizational culture of Bulla dairy protects business from unenthusiastic influence of employee poaching and corporate espionage. This level of organizational culture actually reveals the organizational characteristics, which can be easily viewed, felt and heard by the employees collectively. The employees of Bulla Dairy are highly dedicated in their job role and their level of dedication is apparently reflected on their job performance. Moreover, the dedication level of the employees allows the organization to fulfill their innovative mission effectively. The employees of Bulla Dairy are to wear formal dress in their organization and they are extremely polite in communicating with their superiors (Martinez et al., 2015). Moreover, the management of the organization allows the employees to participate in organizational decision making process. Therefore, the employees are highly responsible towards fulfilling their targets and meeting organizational standards. The managers of Bulla Dairy are extremely cooperative with the employees in performing any complex job. The concerns of the employees are always taken into consideration while framing any organizational policies and procedures. Moreover, the innovative ideas of the employees are highly appreciated by the upper level managers. On the other hand, the employees of the organization always respect their managers and obey their instruction for the betterment of business development (Hogan Coote, 2014). The standard and values of the organization are always aligned with the individual needs of the customers. All the male employees and female employees are given equal rights in the workplace. Moreover, female employees are given extra privileges as per their requirements. Organizational Structure From the above figure, it can be found that Bulla Dairy uses functional organizational structure for operating their business. In this structure, the organization has different functional departments operating individually for the success for the business. The reporting relationships of the organization are grouped based on specialty of each department. The organization is divided into separate groups on the basis of their specialized functional areas such as production department, technical department, human resource department, finance centre and customer service department (Joseph et al., 2016). This organizational structure allowed Bulla Dairy to get enhanced functional efficiencies, as the employees having shared knowledge and skills are group together in each department. In this structure, board decides the strategies for long term business operation and inspects the interim report for the organization towards maintain those strategies. Moreover, they are the heads of the organization and control the business from long term perspectives. On the other hand, the director control each individual department of the organization namely production department to finance centre and human resource department (Erhemjamts et al., 2013). Most of the decisions of Bulla dairy are taken on the top of the hierarchy. The director is responsible to communicate the decisions of the board to each of the departmental heads. However, the consistency of the communication sometimes hampered due to scattered departments within the organization. The director is responsible for maintaining the consistency of the communication within each department for effective implementation of organizational strategies. The head of production department is responsible for controlling the activities of the employees from production, QA manager, maintenance employees, purchasing and logistics. The quality manager is responsible for maintaining the health standard in each of the dairy products. On the other hand, the head of production department also control the logistics functions. The employees of logistic department are responsible for distributing fresh milk to the inventory and the finished dairy products to the customers end. Moreover, the technical department head is responsible for controlling the activities of product design and research and development team. Furthermore, the head of human resource department is responsible for controlling the hiring and maintenance activities of human capital. Bulla dairy is highly concerned about recruiting extremely knowledgeable people and maintaining them through proper training and development Joseph et al., 2016). Recommendation Through Bulla dairy is extremely popular in Australia for its high quality dairy foods, still the organization is only limited within Australia. The organization does not operate on international basis. It only exports its products to international market. Limited expansion is ultimately reducing the potentiality of the organization for earning increasing profit. Therefore, the organization should take initiatives for expanding in international market for increasing organizational profit. Effective Leadership The leaders of Bulla Dairy are supportive enough for assisting the employees in performing complex jobs. However, some leaders in production department are not that much supportive to the employees for aligning their skills to organizational success. These leaders are inclined to demonstrate aggression to the employees, which sometimes demoralize the employees. Therefore, these leaders should be high supportive to the employees and assists them to enhance their skills. Improved Business Communication In case of functional organizational structure, the communication among each department sometime gets hampered. It can reduce the capability of the organization towards achieving organizational goals. Therefore, the organization should enhance the consistency of the organizational communication. Conclusion While concluding the study, it can be said that Bulla Dairy is extremely popular dairy firm in Australia for its unique taste dairy foods. The success of the organization is tightly integrated with its business strategies, organizational structure and organizational structure. Innovation is at the core of the organization culture in Bulla Dairy. The organization is extremely concerned about providing unique value to the customers. Therefore, the organization is capable of taking the differentiation generic strategy for being competitive in the market. Moreover, the employees are allowed to contribute their innovative ideas for the success of the organization. It allows the organization to focus on new aspect of business through targeting new types of customers. Moreover, there is concrete relationship between the organizational culture and generic strategies of Bulla Dairy. Organizational structure defines the way of allocating and dividing the task among each of the department of the organization. Moreover, it defines the flow of communication within the organization. Therefore, the nature of organizational culture is highly dependent of the structure of the organization. In case of Bulla Dairy, the board decides the long-term business strategies of the organization. However, the director is responsible for communicating the strategies among each departmental head. Moreover, the directors allow enough authority to the departmental heads for managing their individual department. Therefore, this organizational structure has created open organizational culture, where board does not micromanage each activities of each department. Organizational strategies set out the roadmap for the organization for meeting organizational goals. On the other hand, organizational structure defines the way in which organizational resources are distributes among each department for achieving organizational goals. Therefore, the structure and strategy of the organization must be woven together for better sustainability in the market. The organizational structure is functional in nature, where the organizational departments are grouped together based on their specialized areas. Therefore, these specialized departments can better contribute their innovative ideas for bringing differentiation in the organization. References Bulla.com.au. (2017).Bulla.com.au. Retrieved 2 February 2017, from https://www.bulla.com.au/#/ Bschgens, T., Bausch, A., Balkin, D. B. (2013). Organizational Culture and Innovation: A Meta?Analytic Review.Journal of product innovation management,30(4), 763-781. Caiazza, R., Volpe, T., Stanton, J. L. (2016). Innovation in Agro-Foods: A Comparative Analysis of Value Chains.Journal of International Food Agribusiness Marketing,28(3), 240-253. Erhemjamts, O., Li, Q., Venkateswaran, A. (2013). Corporate social responsibility and its impact on firms investment policy, organizational structure, and performance.Journal of Business Ethics,118(2), 395-412. Hogan, S. J., Coote, L. V. (2014). Organizational culture, innovation, and performance: A test of Schein's model.Journal of Business Research,67(8), 1609-1621. Joseph, J., Klingebiel, R., Wilson, A. J. (2016). Organizational Structure and Performance Feedback: Centralization, Aspirations, and Termination Decisions.Organization Science,27(5), 1065-1083. Krzakiewicz, K., Cyfert, S. (2014). The strategic dimension of the dynamic capabilities of enterprises.Management,18(2), 7-18. Lee, J. Y., Kozlenkova, I. V., Palmatier, R. W. (2015). Structural marketing: using organizational structure to achieve marketing objectives.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,43(1), 73-99. Martinez, E. A., Beaulieu, N., Gibbons, R., Pronovost, P., Wang, T. (2015). Organizational culture and performance.The American Economic Review,105(5), 331-335. Moir, B., McCarthy, O. (2014). Foreign investment in the Australian dairy industry.Agricultural Commodities,4(3), 21. OReilly III, C. A., Caldwell, D. F., Chatman, J. A., Doerr, B. (2014). The promise and problems of organizational culture: CEO personality, culture, and firm performance.Group Organization Management,39(6), 595-625. Purves, N., Niblock, S. J., Sloan, K. (2015). On the relationship between financial and non-financial factors: A case study analysis of financial failure predictors of agribusiness firms in Australia.Agricultural Finance Review,75(2), 282-300. Elgin-Stuczynski, I., Batterbury, S. (2014). Perceptions of climate variability and dairy farmer adaptations in Corangamite Shire, Victoria, Australia.International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management,6(1), 85-107. Rad, S. J., Lewis, M. J. (2014). Water utilisation, energy utilisation and waste water management in the dairy industry: a review.International Journal of Dairy Technology,67(1), 1-20. Santhanam-Martin, M. I. C. H. A. E. L., Nettle, R. U. T. H. (2014). Governing Australias dairy farm workforce: a new terrain for negotiating rural community sustainability.Int J Sociol Agric Food,21(1), 31-50. Scarsbrook, M. R., Melland, A. R. (2015). Dairying and water-quality issues in Australia and New Zealand.Animal Production Science,55(7), 856-868. Schuck, P., Jeantet, R., Bhandari, B., Chen, X. D., Perrone, . T., de Carvalho, A. F., ... Kelly, P. (2016). Recent advances in spray drying relevant to the dairy industry: A comprehensive critical review.Drying Technology,34(15), 1773-1790. Thorley, V. (2014). There is absolutely NO SUBSTITUTE for fresh milk: dairy marketing in Australia, twentieth century.International Journal of Liberal Arts and Social Science,2(2), 1-14. Tong, C., Tak, W. I. W., Wong, A. (2015). The Impact of knowledge sharing on the relationship between organizational culture and Job satisfaction: The perception of information communication and technology (ICT) practitioners in Hong Kong.International Journal of Human Resource Studies,5(1), 19. Wiewiora, A., Trigunarsyah, B., Murphy, G., Coffey, V. (2013). Organizational culture and willingness to share knowledge: A competing values perspective in Australian context.International Journal of Project Management,31(8), 1163-1174.

Insecurity in Nigeria free essay sample

Responsibility for internal security may range from  police  to  paramilitary  forces, and in exceptional circumstances, the  military  itself. (Wikipedia) Threats to Internal security Threats to the general peace may range from low-level  civil disorder, large scale  violence, or even an armed  insurgency. Threats to internal security may be directed at either the states citizens, or the organs and infrastructure of  the state  itself, and may range from petty  crime, serious  organized crime, political or industrial unrest, or even domestic  terrorism. Foreign powers may also act as a threat to internal security, by either committing or sponsoring terrorism or  rebellion, without actually  declaring war. Forces and Agencies Governmental responsibility for internal security will generally rest with an  interior ministry, as opposed to a  defense ministry. Depending on the state, a states internal security will be maintained by either the ordinary  police or law enforcement  agencies or more militarized police forces (known as  Gendarmerie). We will write a custom essay sample on Insecurity in Nigeria or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Other specialized internal security agencies may exist to augment these main forces, such as  border guards,  special police units, or aspects of the states  List of intelligence agencies. In some states, internal security may be the primary responsibility of a  secret police force. The level of authorized force used by agencies and forces responsible for maintaining internal security might range from unarmed  police  to fully armed  paramilitary  organizations, or employ some level of  less-lethal weaponry  in between. For violent situations, internal security forces may contain some element of military type equipment such as  non-military armored vehicles. But enough of definitions and insinuations. What we are talking about is not merely petty crimes, armed robberies, etc, but terrorism and bombings, armed insurgency, e. g. the Niger Delta problem, which seemed to have died down a bit of recent, after all the hullabaloo of Amnesty, Jos ethnic/religious killings, Boko Haram massacres and bombings in Abuja, Maiduguri and other northern cities, etc. What every Nigerian should be doing is asking and demanding answers on what has been done so far since October 1st, 2010 Independence Day Twin Bombing in Abuja FCT. Not to mention numerous bombings in Maiduguri, Bauchi and Adamawa. Mind you, these are not the first instances of such insecurity. Insecurity has been with us probably since we became a Republic, only we decided to turn blind eyes to it. When the CIA report of 2005 predicted the collapse of Nigeria in about 15 years time, patriots and critics alike reacted differently to the report. For me, as much as I wanted to dismiss it, something kept niggling my mind that this might be a true prophetic scrutiny of the state of Nigeria. Not because the CIA is dependable in its security analysis, after all, they didnt get it right to prevent 9/11 2001 from happening, but events in Nigeria seemed to suggest that while other countries in the sub-region were developing, Nigeria was retrogressing despite its claim to democracy. People expected the then Government of Obasanjo to take this warning as a chance for Nigeria to look inwards, engage with the report, and work on those predictive indices that could lead to the predicted failure. But, inopportunely, the Obasanjo government dismissed the report in its totality. In a way, the dismissal is not entirely a surprise, since our leaders, over the years, are prone to such habits of shielding the truth from their people, not caring as long as it does not happen in their time; are actually very ignorant of what is going on around them, and are obstinate and tyrannical in their nature. The current general state of insecurity in Nigeria has now lent weight to the report. It must be recalled that while the report was released at the advent of the so-called Niger Delta crisis, since then several acts of bombings and killings by the extremist Islamic sect, Boko Haram, the carnage between ethnic Birom and the Hausa/Fulani in Jos, and the political violence that followed immediately after the 2011 Elections results, mostly in the northern part of the country, have further cemented the insecure state of the country. Starting with the usual religious/ethnic oriented conflicts, to the Jos ethnic/religious/political conflict of 2008, regrettably, the northern states have shown that security of persons and properties is still far from being realizable. However, the current crisis which started in Bauchi and has engulfed other states in the north has elements of theocratic opinionated ambitions in it. While the fundamentalist group Boko Harams demand for the jettisoning of a western behavioral pattern and the imposition of strict Sharia law can be described as absurd to say the least, we should equally view it with all the seriousness it deserves. What the current trend of violence is imprinting on the psyche of Nigerians is that the government security apparatus is incapable of guaranteeing the safety and security of its people. This would, therefore, impact on the general human security of the people as the situation promotes fear, while at the same time limiting the peoples ability to develop economically. At the same time, the states capacity to attract investors becomes limited as a result of the insecurity. For instance, states like Enugu and Bauchi that have huge tourism potential would be losing out on this front On different terrorist attacks, listen to what leaders with political will had to say: On 9/11: This is an act of war against the United States. Well hunt down the terrorists. They can run but they cant hide George Bush London Bombing: Well track down the terrorists and bring them to justice Tony Blair UN House Bombing: Terrorism is a global phenomenon. May be it is Nigerias turn. Goodluck Jonathan So what our supreme leader is saying is that, â€Å"why not, it’s our turn to start getting blown up†. How much more should we expect? That shows you the depth of intelligence and care of our leaders. Security was a driving issue in the last Presidential campaign following bomb blast by Niger Delta militants and attacks of police by members of the extremist Islamic group, Boko Haram in the northern part of the country. President Jonathan campaigned very hard to convince Nigerians that his government was meeting those security challenges. But the rioting, mostly in the North, that followed immediately after his election raised questions, which are still unanswered, about security preparedness. At least 800 people were said to have been killed in these Muslim-Christian electoral violence. â€Å"As president, it is my solemn duty to defend the constitution of this country. That includes the obligation to protect the lives and properties of every Nigerian wherever they choose to live,† he said Challenges amp; Proposed Solutions: Mr. President should acknowledge the failure of the security agencies hence there should be a complete overhaul of the Security Agencies in the county to pre-empt these security breaches. In particular, the failure of the intelligence services to contain the recurring security breaches. The spate of bombings has once more brought to limelight the need for a Sovereign National Conference. Until these structural distortions and anomalies are addressed, the monster of insecurity will loom large and Nigeria will once more be listed as a terrorist nation. Mr. President has to act decisively to execute his Office, and this can be achieved by implementing the anti-terrorism law and punish culprits of such heinous crimes capable of causing instability in the nation. This will vitiate the implementation of Mr. Presidents transformational agenda. The long-term effect is that the on-going terrorism will discourage potential investors in Nigeria. At the speed Nigeria is deteriorating, there is a strong desire for a  SOVEREIGN NATIONAL CONFERENCE  so that all ethnic  nationalities  can make their stand known  this amalgamated country. The way forward is for us to keep laying emphasis on the need for the evolution of six regions. The federation should stay but let every region grow at its own pace. The Western region has clearly set the  pace going by the result of the  last election. All the Western states voted massively for the Action Congress party (ACN), a party that  is not sufficiently  different  in programmes from the Action Party of Chief Obafemi Awolowo. Each region should have their own police Force. MOPOL and Interpol  could be transformed into the only Federal Police crack elite team. The rest members of the police force should be dismembered and directed to return to their regions. It is  the duty of the regions to now retrain, equip and pay them. Second, the judiciary is not helping matters at all. This institution  is heavily  compounding our problems. It has got to really sit up. Cases of corruption are not  meant to be compromised at all, let alone adjourning them endlessly. The judiciary ought to have, at this stage in our development, evolved time scales  for cases. There  ought to have been  a time to determine a case; time to close that case; and time to deliver  judgment and pass sentences. In Nigeria, cases that bother on corruption and insecurity have most often been compromised thus the law is no longer acting as a deterrent. What is happening in Jos is too gory to narrate. The endless killing going on in that city has made the demand for regional governmentt more pertinent. The country cannot just continue to toe the line of extinction. Most Nigerians  do not value human lives. They debase them. Most  have become conditioned to act of carnages, brigandage, looting, massacre,  butchery and bestiality. Thirdly, the Federal government should always be decisive on issues that bother on insecurity. We have never had strong leaders. From Shagari to Yar ‘Adua and now to Jonathan, what we have heard were leaders handpicked and imposed on the people. We have over the years been denied leaders that would bring us out of the woods. First were Awo in 1979 and, controversially, Abiola in 1993. We have never had it so bad. OBJ was an imposition by the Northern oligarchy. Corruption was commonplace under OBJ. Now under Jonathan, what we have is intertwined corruption and insecurity. Ethnic and the foregoing problems and criminal activities individually and collectively create insecurity and breach of the peace that are likely to or indeed affect legitimate social and economic activities in the country. These problems also have the very damaging consequence of giving the signal to the rest of the international community that Nigeria is not a safe and secure place and as such not suitable for economic investment and activities. This is particularly important in view of the efforts being made to create the desired atmosphere to attract foreign investment. Beyond the effects of security concerns on the economic fortunes of the country, the nature of the security challenges facing the country also have implications for the countrys political system. As mentioned earlier, social cohesion among various groups and interests is important in the process of national political development. Therefore, the constituent parts of the country must be and indeed feel that they are being carried along in the process of national governance. Experience has shown that widespread discontent and loss of confidence in the system have ways of affecting national political stability. Invariably continuing escalation of violence and crises across the country will impinge on the survival of our democracy. Accordingly, there is the challenge to rethink and improve on policy and institutional means of dealing with security concerns arising in the country. At the political level, the federal, state and local governments should evolve programmes of cultural and political education and orientation that seek to enthrone the fundamentals of democracy so that the political contestants as well as the generality of the citizens imbibe principles and practices essential for sustainable democracy. Such programmes must also address specific tendencies that create security breach and concerns in the country. In addition, a process of legislative and constitutional review should be initiated to assess the countrys constitution and amend or expunge as necessary areas that have been found to give rise to conflicts and security problems. The process should also introduce new provisions and legislations that will ensure better and more effective interplay of interests among all groups and stakeholders in Nigeria. Such exercise should also embrace ways of making the countrys democratic space more open, free, fair and tolerant as exists in other democracies around the world. Among specific lingering political issues that should be addressed are: the laws relating to political parties and their activities; the establishment, funding and activities of the electoral body; local and state government relationship; allocation of national resources and revenue; citizenship rights; devolution of security powers to states and local governments. In addition, the legislative and constitutional review should also embody security sector reforms that will make the security agencies and institutions more effective in combating crimes and other threats to national security and make them accountable to the democratic political system and structures. These democratic structures include the states and local governments. I believe that we need to give a more concrete understanding to the definition of governors as the chief security officers of the state. In all, what we need is a good government, no more no less. And a good government is possible in as much as people who are put in positions of authority are allowed and are committed to discharge their duties without fear or favors; are determined to serve with zeal and patriotism; are not ready to sell out to international capital and are ready to stand by the truth and die for it. In all, there is no mono cultural theory that is a cure-all to the diverse nature of insecurity in Nigeria but I believed and stand by the theory that Nigeria should evolve into six regions, each region having its Premier or Governor, each region has a right to retain its states or to abolish- the choice is theirs in the region to make; each region should be in charge of its Education,  Security, Health, Agriculture, Housing, Transport and Energy policies.

Essay Topics on Current Affairs

Essay Topics on Current AffairsWhen you are writing a college or university essay, one of the easiest essay topics to choose from is current affairs. The following is a list of four easy and practical topics that you can use to write your essay. These are topics that you can easily research, write and proofread if you need to.Governments and society in general are taking on big problems. These problems can range from economical instability, healthcare, pollution, as well as terrorism and war. In order to keep the world a safer place, governments must take a stance on different social issues. Society will then become more efficient in the future. Researching this topic and researching current news will be the best way to help yourself during this time.I would say in this topic, there is a huge question that would need a straight answer. It would be a good idea to get all of the facts to give a solid opinion. Finding out the source of all of the information will make a difference in yo ur topic. Another reason why you should research this topic is because you might be asked to explain something in this essay.Politics is currently a very popular party with many candidates running for office. If you are lucky enough to be asked to write an essay about these candidates and their careers, researching this topic will help you give a good impression. This essay will also help you decide which candidate you would like to vote for.There is quite a large amount of controversy when it comes to political candidates. It seems that not even America has a lot of common ground with our political candidates. Researching this topic can help you decide which candidate you would like to vote for.The topic of political issues is very big and it has become a place where people have spent quite a bit of time debating. It has gotten to the point where it has started to get ugly and it could really be a trend that the whole world would be watching. Do not worry because there are many way s to research current affairs.One of the best things about using current affairs as an essay topic is that it will give you something to focus on throughout the essay. You can choose an easy topic to help you focus on this topic.

WW II essays

WW II essays -Schlieffen's Plan involved using 90% of Germany's armed forces to attack France. -Fearing the French forts on the border with Germany, Schlieffen suggested a scythee-like attack through Holand, Belgium, and Luxembourg. The rest of the German Army woudl be sent to defensive positions in the east to stop the expected Russian advance. -On 2nd August 1914, the Schlieffen Plan was put into operation. -August 4th 1914, Britain entered the war. The Schlieffen Plan had nto taken that into consideration. -British resistance at Mons and the slow retreat after the battle agve the French more time to prepare for the Germans attack. -Kluck, the German commander in France, saw that he could not keep to the Schlieffen Plan because of the resistance from the British. -Kluck changed the plan of attack; instead of going around Paris the Germans turned south. This left the Channel ports along the coast free from attackand enabled British reinforcements to get to France. -By December 1914 trenches ran from Switzerland to the Channel coast. Trench life was rough for all troops. Men spent countless hours in muddy rat-infested pits surrounded by dead bodies. -Defending the trenches was an easy task. Massed roles of barbed wire laid in front of the trenches made an enemy advance very difficult and slow. -Thousands of shells were fired into enemy lines in hopes to disable the trenches defence allowing for a sucessful attack. However the bombings acted as a warning for the opposition, giving them time to set up and prepare for the troops advancing from the trenches. -Major Battles: 1915:Ypres, Loos, Vimy Ridge, Cambrai, Messines. 1918: Marne, St. Quentin. -Germans losses: 281,000 men. French losses: 315,000 men. These losses from the attacks above. -The Somme was Briatin's most costly battle. Date: July 1st 1916; 60,000 men were killed out of a 100,000 men army.The battle ended in the middle of November 1916, and Britain had suffe ...